Department of the Army Historical Summary: FY 1984

Appendix A

Memorandum of Agreement on U.S. Army-U.S. Air Force Joint Force Development Process

MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT

ON

U.S. ARMY- U.S. AIR FORCE

JOINT FORCE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS

1. The Army and the Air Force affirm that to fulfill their roles in meeting the national security objectives of deterrence and defense, they must organize, train, and equip a compatible, complementary and affordable Total Force that will maximize our joint combat capability to execute airland combat operations. To that end, broad, across-the-board, war-fighting issues have been addressed. We believe the resulting agreements listed in the attachment will significantly enhance the country's military posture and have a major positive impact on the way future combat operations are conducted.

2. The Army and the Air Force view this MOA as the initial step in the establishment of along-term, dynamic process whose objective will continue to be the fielding of the most affordable and effective airland combat forces. Consequently, the joint agreements embodied in the attached initiatives will be updated and reviewed by the services annually to confirm their continued advisability, feasibility, and adequacy. We will expand this MOA (and attachments) to include future joint initiatives, as appropriate.

3. As an integral part of the joint effort to ensure the development of the optimum airland combat capability, the services will annually exchange a formal priority list of those sister service programs essential to the support of their conduct of successful airland combat operations, the purpose of which is to ensure the development of complementary systems without duplication. The services will resolve joint or complementary sys-

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tern differences prior to program development. The services will ensure that those programs supporting joint airland combat operations will receive high priority in their respective development and acquisition processes. The MOA confirms our mutual dedication to ensuring that the provision of the best combat capability to the Unified and Specified Commanders remains the top priority of the Army and the Air Force.

CSA/CSAF INITIATIVES FOR ACTION

1. Initiatives on Area Surface-to-Air Missiles/Air Defense Fighters:
    a. The Air Force will participate in the requirement and development process for follow-on area surface-to-air missile (SAM) systems.
    b. The Air Force will lead a joint net sensitivity analysis to determine the optimum program mix of current area SAMs and air defense fighters.
    c. The Army will lead a joint effort to study the advisability and feasibility of transferring proponency for area SAMs from the Army to the Air Force.

2. Initiatives on Point Air Defense:
    a. The Army and Air Force will jointly develop a plan to resolve air base point air defense (PAD) requirements.
        (1) The Air Force will provide to the Army an updated list of outstanding worldwide PAD requirements.
        (2) This joint plan will be reviewed annually.
    b. The Army and Air Force will develop a joint statement of need for fixture rear-area PAD systems.
    c. The Air Force will participate in the on-going Army effort to review air defense requirements and capability at Corps and Echelons above Corps.

3. Initiatives to Counter Heliborne Assault Threat:
    a. The Army will lead a joint assessment of the technical characteristics and operational implications of the future heliborne assault threat.
    b. Based on the joint assessment the Army and Air Force will jointly develop and field the capabilities to detect and counter the threat.

4. Initiatives on the Tactical Missile Threat:
    a. The Army and Air Force will complete the tactical missile threat assessment, to include evaluation of the operational impact of anticipated threat technical capabilities.

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b. Using this threat assessment as the baseline, the Army and Air Force will establish a joint Anti-Tactical Missile Program.

5. Initiatives on Identification Friend or Foe (IFF) Systems:
    a. The Army and Air Force will continue joint research in cooperative friendly identification systems to identify cost-effective refinements for the Mark XV Question and Answer (Q,&A) identification program.
    b. The Army and Air Force will develop an IFF system (to include noncooperative, positive hostile identification) that will enable the effective employment of beyond visual range weapons against hostile aircraft.

6. Initiatives on Rear Area Operations Centers (RAOCs):
    a. The Army will increase full-time manning of RAOCs as part of the on-going Army Reserve/Army National Guard program to expand manning by full-time support personnel.
    b. The Army will establish the appropriate number of ARNG long tour (OCONUS) positions in each RAOC unit.

7. Initiative on Host Nation Support Security Equipment. The Army and Air Force support equipage of FRG reserve security units with German equipment and weapons; with US to FRG equipment ratios to be determined in conjunction with overseas commanders.

8. Initiatives on Air Base Ground Defense:
    a. The Army and Air Force will develop a joint Service Agreement for:
        (1) Army units to provide air base ground defense (ABGD) outside the base perimeter.
        (2) Operational control of Army units performing the ABGD mission by the appropriate air component commander.
    b. The Air Force will transfer Air Force Reserve Component manpower spaces to the Army, if the Air Force ABGD requirements exceed Army capabilities.
    c. The Army and Air Force will develop joint procedures for rear area security reflecting these initiatives.

9. Initiative for ABGD Flight Training. The Army and Air Force will execute a joint Service Agreement for the Army to provide initial and follow-on training for Air Force on-site security flights.

10. Initiative for Rear Area Close Air Support. The Army and Air Force will develop joint doctrine and procedures for the employment of Close Air Support (CAS) in the rear area.

11. Initiative on the Mobile Weapon System. The Air Force will terminate development of the Mobile Weapon System.

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12. Initiatives on Ground-based Electronic Combat against Enemy Air Attacks:
a. The Army and Air Force will reconcile their joint requirements and restructure the Air Defense Electronic Warfare System (ADEWS) programs accordingly.
b. The Air Force will terminate the Comfy Challenge program.
c. The Army will develop ADEWS to incorporate the required capabilities for both services.

13. Initiative on the Airborne Radar jamming System (ARJS). The Army will terminate the ARJS program. The Air Force will provide airborne jamming support.

14. Initiative on the Precision Location Strike System (PLSS). The Army and Air Force will develop a joint concept and attendant hardware to broadcast PLSS target information to designated Army units in near-real-time.

15. Initiatives on joint Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses (J-SEAD)
    a. The Army's analytical agencies will model J-SEAR to determine the overall contribution of an effective SEAD campaign and the impact of SEAD on ammunition expenditure rates. The Air Force will provide full time participation.
    b. Army Field Manuals will be updated to address transmittal of PLSS targeting information direct to designated Army units.

16. Initiatives on Combat Search and Rescue:
    a. The Air Force will remain proponent for Air Force Search and Rescue (SAR) with Special Operations Forces (SOF) providing a back-up capability in special situations.
    b. The Air Force will:
        (1) Determine Air Force combat SAR objectives in relation to depths on the battlefield defined by capability.
        (2) Develop tactics, techniques, and procedures for conduct of SAR in Air Force zones.
    c. The Army and Air Force will develop tactics, techniques, and procedures for SOF to conduct SAR beyond Air Force zones.

17. Rotary Wing Lift Support for Special Operations Forces (SOF). The Air Force will transfer the responsibility for providing rotary wing lift support for SOF to the Army. A detailed implementation plan will be jointly developed.

18. Initiatives on the joint Tactical Missile System QTACMS):
    a. The Army and Air Force will develop a joint statement of need for the JTACMS. The restructured program will include the joint development of procedures to ensure that respective service components of JTACMS are fully complementary.

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    b. The Army will refocus its current development efforts on a shorter range ground-launched system.
    c. The Air Force will develop an air-launched system.

19. Initiative on Army and Air Force Munitions RDT&E. The Army and Air Force will develop procedures for a joint and recurring review of munitions technical base programs keyed to the budget/POM cycle,. This review will use the joint Logistics Commanders structure and include Army and Air Staff participation.

20. Initiatives on Night Combat:
    a. The Army and Air Force will jointly determine the requirements for night operations.
    b. The Air Force will pursue a spectrum of night capabilities based on the joint requirements and resolve associated training issues.
    c. The Air Force will designate a single Air Staff point of contact for night systems and establish an Air Force liaison to the Army Night Vision and Electro-Optics Laboratory.

21. Initiatives on Battlefield Air Interdiction:
    a. The Army and Air Force will develop procedures that can be tailored to theater specific requirements, to synchronize Battlefield Air Interdiction (BAI) with maneuver.
    b. The Army and Air Force will field test these procedures.
    c. The Army will automate the Battlefield Coordination Element (BCE) and connect BCE/Corps/Land Component Commanders via near--real-time data links.

22. Initiative on a joint Target Set. The Army and Air Force will conduct a joint target assessment for use in establishing a consensus on attack of enemy surface targets and development of coordinated munitions acquisition plans.

23. Initiatives on Theater Interdiction Systems:
    a. In theater, the Air Component Commander is responsible for the execution of the interdiction campaign.
    b. The Air Force will lead a joint study to:
        (1) Establish procedures to jointly develop requirements for interdiction systems.
        (2) Define future conventional interdiction requirements.
        (3) Determine optimum service proponencies for Intermediate Nuclear Force (INF) systems.

24. Initiative on Close Air Support (CAS). The Army and Air Force reaffirm the Air Force mission of providing fixed-wing CAS to the Army.

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25. Initiatives on Air Liaison Officers and Forward Air Controllers:
    a. The Army and the Air Force will provide enhanced training in maneuver unit operations for Air Liaison Officers (ALOs) and selected Forward Air Controllers (FACs).
    b. The Army and Air Force will conduct an in-depth review and evaluation of FAC operations and Tactical Air Control Party (TACP) structure to include:
        (1) Enhancing maneuver unit ground FAC capability with organic Army helicopter support.
        (2) Executing ground FAC functions while operating from organic maneuver unit vehicles.
        (3) Performance of battalion FAC duties by non-rated officers in order to expand the full time Air Force representation at the maneuver battalion.
    c. The review and evaluation will be conducted in the following phases:
        (1) Phase I: An internal review conducted by Tactical Air Command (TAC).
        (2) Phase II: A joint TAC and Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) review, to include development of a joint field test plan of the proposed FAC/TACP concepts.
        (3) Phase III. Joint field test.

26. Initiatives on Manned Aircraft Systems:
    a. The Army and Air Force will establish specific service responsibilities for manned aircraft systems.
    b. The Army and Air Force will establish procedures for developing coordinated joint positions on new aircraft starts prior to program initiation.

27. Initiatives on Joint Surveillance and Target Attack Radar System (JSTARS)
    a. The Army and Air Force will support the G18 as the single JSTARS platform.
    b. The Army and Air Force will develop a joint Memorandum of Agreement to:
        (1) Outline procedures to ensure dedicated support of ground commander requirements.
        (2) Ensure adequate platform procurement to provide required support.

28. Initiatives on TR-1 Program. The Air Force and Army will restructure the current TR-1 program to enhance its wartime survivability and effectiveness, within the bounds of affordability.

29. Initiatives for Manned Tactical Reconnaissance Systems:
    a. The Army and Air Force will jointly develop requirements for common platforms to meet follow-on manned Special Electronic Mission Aircraft (SEMA) and Tactical Reconnaissance needs.
    b. When joint requirements can best be met by a single service platform (Army or Air Force), that service will assume single service mission and development proponency. In parallel with this, procedures will be

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jointly developed and adequate platforms procured by the responsible service, to ensure dedicated support of the other service's requirements.

30. Initiatives on Intratheater Airlift:
    a. The Army and Air Force will establish a joint office to determine intratheater airlift requirements to support movement from Aerial Port of Debarkation/Sea Port of Debarkation to destination; resupply by airland/ airdrop; reposition/redeployment of forces, equipment, munitions, and war reserve; and medical/noncombatant evacuation.
    b. The Army and the Air Force will develop joint positions, as required, on intratheater airlift programs.

31. Initiative on POM Priority List. The Army and Air Force will formalize cross-service participation in the POM development process. This formalization will include the annual exchange of a formal priority list of those sister service programs essential to the joint conduct of airland combat operations.

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