Endnotes for Chapter XVII

1 See Langer and Gleason, Challenge to Isolation, chs. XII and XX.

2 In addition to the usual staff studies, the War Department had engaged the noted explorer Vilhjalmur Stefansson to prepare a work on Greenland. His manuscript, A Guide Book for Greenland, 3 vols., is a detailed description of the climate and physical features of the country. A highly useful summary of information is Austin H. Clark, Iceland and Greenland, Smithsonian Institution, Publication 3735 (Washington, 1943) .

3 Memo, CofS for SW, 28 Aug 40, WPD 4330-3 ; Memo, WPD for COfS, 4 Feb 41, sub: Proposed Canadian Expedition to Greenland . . . , WPD 4173-2.; Ltr, E. R. McCoy to Brig Gen George V. Strong, ACofS WPD, 18 Jun 40, WPD 4300-4. An Air Plan for the Newfoundland Greenland Theatre, 29 August 1940, is in WPD 4300; an Operations Plan and Brief Estimate of the Situation are in WPD 4590.

4 Min, Mtg in Asst Secy State Berle's office, 6 Feb 41, WPD 4173-2 ; Ltr, W. H. Hobbs, Ann Arbor, Mich., to Gen Gerow, ACofS WPD, 24 Jan 41, WPD 4173; Ltr, Hobbs to Gerow, 17 Feb 41, WPD 4173-4.

5 Memo, WPD for CofS, 12 Feb 41, WPD 4173-2 ; WPD Note for Rcd sgd LTG [Leonard T. Gerow], 14 Feb 41, sub: Air Facilities in Greenland, WPD 4173; Memo, WPD for TAG, 26 Feb 41, WPD 4173-5.

6 Summary of Points . . . Agreed Upon at a Meeting . . . , 5 Mar 41, WPD 4173-11.

7 The Coast Guard at Wear: Greenland Patrol, (Historical Section, Political Intelligence Division, Headquarters, U.S. Coast Guard, 15 July 1945) II, 10.

8 Ibid., pp. 10, 18-19; Memo, CNO for Ship Movements Div et al., 6 May 41, sub: Army and Navy Operations in Greenland, 1941, WPD 4173-45.

9 The agreement of 9 April 1941 has been published in Department of State Executive Agreement Series 204, Publication 1602. See also Memo, WPD for Gen Bryden, 10 Apr 41, sub: Greenland, WPD 4173-25 ; Memo, Gen Arnold for COB, 2 Apr 41; Ltr, SW to President, 3 Apr 41. Both in WPD 4173-16.

10 Greenland Defense Agreement, 9 Apr 41, Article V ; Agreement for the Use . . . of Certain Bases, U.S.-Great Britain, 27 Mar 41, Article XXIV.

11 Greenland Defense Agreement, 9 Apr 41, Articles VI, VII, VIII.

12 Ibid., Articles V, IV, and IX, respectively.

13 Ltr, SW to President, 3 Apr 41, WPD 4173-16; Memo, Lt Col C. W. Bundy for ACofS WPD, 20 May 41, sub: Delivery of Aircraft to Great Britain, WPD 4323-36; Memo, DCofS (Air) for Lt Col William P. Scobey, Secy JB, 13 Jun 41, DCS 15205-241.

14 For General Arnold's view see, Memo, DCofS. (Air) for Cot Ward, SGS, 17 Jun 4:1, WPD 4173-71. See also, Henry H. Arnold, Global Mission (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1949), pp. 211, 2411.

15 Memo, ASW (Air) for SW, 11 Apr 41, sub: Greenland, Stimson file, Misc Countries; Conf in ODCofS, 11 Apr 41, OCS Conf, binder 13, Apr 41; Memo, Acting CofS (Gen Bryd6n ) for JB, 12 Apr 411, OCS 21068-21.

16 Ltr, SN to Secy State, 8 May 41, WPD 4173-50; Aide-mémoire, State Dept to Canadian Legation, 6 Jun 41; Memo, Secy State for SW, 7 Jun 41. Both in WPD 4173-72. Memo, WPD for CofS, 9 Jun 41, WPD 4173-70.

17 Memo, WPD for CofS, 17 Jul 41, WPD 4173-99 ; Ltr, SW to Secy State, 30 Jan 42, WPD 4173-111 ; 3d Ind, CG Greenland Base Comd for CG AAF, 23 Mar 42, on Memo, CG AAF for WPD, 19 Feb 42, WPD 4173-155.

18 Ltr, Secy State to SW, 16 Jun 41, inclosing Memo written by a member of one of the 1940 expeditions, WPD 4173-100; Memo, CNO for Ship Movements Div el al., 6 May 41, sub: Army and Navy Operations in Greenland, 1941, WPD 4173-45; .anger and Gleason, Challenge to Isolation, pp. 686-87.

19 Memo, WPD for G-2, 4 Apr 41, sub: German Flights Over Greenland, WPD 4173-15; Cable, Brig Gen Raymond Lee, London, to WD, 22 Apr 41, WPD 4173 ; Memo, G-2 for CofS, 23 Apr 41, Stimson file, Misc Countries; Memo, WPD for CofS, 14 May 41, WPD 4173-49.

20 Memo, G-2 for CofS, 23 Apr 41, Stimson file, Misc Countries; and Cable, Lee, London, to WD, 22 Apr 41, WPD 4173. Memo, President for SW, SN, and Secy State, 18 Apr 41, WPD 4173-28.

21 Stimson Diary, entry for 25 Apr 41.

22 Memo, WPD for CofS, 18 Apr 41, sub: Northeast Greenland, WPD 4173-28; Memo, SW and SN for President, 22 Apr 41; Memo, President for SW and SN, 30 Apr 41; Memo, WPD for CofS, 6 May 41. Last three in WPD 4173-30.

23 Ltr, President to SW, 5 Apr 41, OCS 21068-16; Memo, WPD for CofAC, 5 Apr 41, WPD 4173-17; Ltr, TAG to CofAC, 7 Apr 41, WPD 4173-16; Memo, WPD for CofS, 9 Apr 41; Ltr, TAG to USW, Chiefs of Arms, Services et al., 17 Apr 41. Last two in WPD 4173

24 Memo, WPD for CofS, 12 Apr 41, sub: Garrison for Construction and Def of Airfields in Greenland; Memo, WPD for CofS, 10 May 41, same sub. Both in WPD 4173-23. Ltr, TAG to CG, ist Army, 6 May 41, WPD 4490; Memo, CNO for CofS, 17 Apr 41, WPD 4173-24; Rpt, The Story of the Embarkation of the BLUIE WEST Force Garrison for Greenland, in OCT HB-Greenland, 1940-41.

25 Memo, Mai Richard S. Whitcomb, Argentia, for Col Theodore H. Dillon, Chief Trans Div, OQMG, 27 Jun 41, OPD-GHQ INDIGO "A." Morison, Battle of the Atlantic, p. 75.

26 In a memorandum (WPD 4173-95), dated 8 July 1941, to the Assistant Chief of Staff, Colonel Crawford, reports the Munargo as having entered the fjord that morning and being delayed there by ice. On the other hand, the arrival date is given as 6 July in U.S. Army Bases, Greenland, Section IV, pages 1, 4 (North Atlantic Division, Corps of Engineers, in OCMH). BLUIE was the code name for Greenland.

27 North Atlantic Div, CE, U.S. Army Bases, Greenland, secs. IV, V.

28 Memo, Col Scobey, Secy JB, for Gen Edwin M. Watson, 17 Oct 41, WPD 4482statistical summary Strength of U.S. Army Forces . . . , compiled by Statistics Sec, OCMH.

29 Ltr, Maj Gen Benjamin F. Giles, USAF (Ret.), to Acting Chief of Military History, 26 Apr 59, OCMH files.

30 Ltr, TAG to CG, First Army, 6 May 41, WPD 4490; Memo, WPD for CofS, 10 Jun 41, WPD 4482; Memo, WPD for TAG, 10 Jul 41, sub: Comd of U.S. Army Units in Greenland, WPD 4173-95 ; Ltr, TAG to CofS GHQ, AC'sofS WD, 26 Nov 41, sub: Activation of Greenland Base Comd, WPD 4173-140.

31 Memo, WPD for CofS, 3 Jun 41, WPD 4173-68.

32 Jt Planning Comm Rpt to the JB, 5 Sep 41, sub: Def Installations in Greenland, JB 325, Ser 683-1, citing Army-Navy Jt Basis Plan for Def of Greenland, JB 325, Ser 683, 31 May 41.

33 Memo, WPD for TAG, 17 Jun 41, sub: Greenland Def Forces, WPD 4173-70; List of Approved Garrisons for Overseas Bases, 9 Oct 41, WPD 4351-176.

34 GHQ Quarterly Rpt, Jul-Sep 41, Oct-Dec 41, GHQ 320.2-B, 1/1.

35 Entry for 3 Sep 41, GHQ Staff Conf, 7/23/41 to 10/31/41, AGF 337; Memo, WPD for CofS, 30 Sep 41; Ltr, SW to Secy State. Last two in WPD 4173-111.

36 Memo, G-2 for CofS, 16 Dec 41; Memo, WPD for CofS, 23 Dec 41. Both in WPD 4173-145. Memo, WPD for TAG, 6 Feb 42, WPD 4173-111; Memo, WPD for G-4, 26 Jan 42, enclosing G-2 Rpt Notes on Ivigtut, Greenland . . . , WPD 4273-151.

37 Ltr, SW to Secy State, 30 Jan 42, sub: Def of Ivigtut, WPD 4173-111; 3d Ind, CG Greenland Base Comd to CG AAF, 23 Mar 42, on Memo, CG AAF for WPD, 19 Feb 42, WPD 4173-155.

38 Memo, Col F. W. Browne, Asst Budget Officer, for Budget and Liaison Planning Br, OCS, 22 Aug 41; Memo, Brig Gen Albert E. Brown, Chief, B. & L. Planning Br for WPD, 23 Aug 41. Both in OCS 20168-104. Entry for 27 Aug 41, GHQ Staff Confs, 7/23/41 to 10/31/41, AGF 337 ; Memo for Rcd on Memo, WPD for CofAAF, 8 Dec 41, sub: Northeast Greenland Sledge Patrol, WPD 4173-113 ; Headquarters, U.S. Coast Guard, The Coast Guard At War, pp. 162-66.

39 See Stefansson, A Guide Book for Greenland, pp. 193-95; and Clark, Iceland and Greenland, pp. 67-68, 80.


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