Endnotes for Chapter XIX

1 Hq IBC, Rcd of Events, Jun 41-Jun 45, IBC 314.7. The units comprising the Second Echelon are given in Iceland Base Command, Narrative History; Iceland Base Command, "Always Alert," 16 Sep 1941-31 Dec 1945, "Units in Iceland," p. 19, copy in OCMH; and in Incl 1 to Memo, WPD for CofS GHQ, 13 Aug 41, sub: INDIGO-2, GHQ 2860 Corresp, binder 47. The composition of the convoy, designated as Task Force 15, is given in Operations Plan 1-41 (USN), 29 Aug 1941, WPD 4414-11.

2 Ltr, Adm Stark (signed "Betty") to Adm T. C. Hart, 22 Sep 41, Pear], Harbor Attack, pt. 16, pp. 2209-11; Memo, Mai Charles K. Gailey, Jr., for SGS, 16 Sep 41, WPD 4493-134, sec. 4.

3 Ltr, Col Morris to Col Harmon, G-4 (GHQ), 14 Aug 41, OPD-GHQ Misc files, 093 Iceland.

4 Memo, Lt Col Gordon de L. Carrington, G-1 (GHQ), for CofS GHQ, 1 Sep 41, sub: Rpt on Visit to NYPE, OPD-GHQ Iceland (INDIGO, Vol. 2) ; Memo, Lt Col Josef R. Sheetz, Acting G-4 (GHQ) for DCofS GHQ, 27 Sep 41, OPD--GHQ 093 Insular Possessions (INDIGO).

5 G-4 Admin Order 1-41, Reykjavik, 5 Sep 41, Debarkation and Unloading Order; IBC, Transportation Corps Historical Record, Jul 1941-Oct 1943, exhibit M.

6 Ltr, Lt Col George Forster to Col Harmon, 25 Sep 41, OPD-GHQ Iceland 093; Ltr, Gen Bonesteel to Gen Marshall, 10 Oct 41, OPD-GHQ INDIGO "B."

7 Hq IBC, Rcd of Events, Jun 41-Jun 45, IBC 314.7. Recapitulation of all Supplies Shipped to Iceland by Vessel, OPD-GHQ files. In measurement, or ship tons, the total cargo discharged amounted to 46,974 tons.

8 Clark, Iceland and Greenland, is an excellent survey of the geography of Iceland.

9 Defense of Iceland and Other Papers (17th Airborne Division), IBC 381; Jt Army-Navy Operations Plan, 28 Oct 41, and FO 1, CG Iceland, 15 Nov 41. Both in GHQ 381 INDIGO, binder 1.

10 F. H. Hinsley, Hitler's Strategy (Cambridge: University Press, 1951) pp. 65, 67, 195-96.

11 Estimate of the Situation (Defense of Iceland), First Marine Brigade (Provisional), 5 Aug 41, WPD 4493-105, sec. 4.

12 The Theater of Operations Plan, Iceland Base Command, with annexes, is in AG 136 (1 Aug 41).

13 Rough Tactical Notes by Gen Curtis, 25 Sep 41, IBC 091.1 British Data, 1942. .

14 Hq IBC, Co-ordination of joint Operations, United States and British, 28 NOV 41, IBC 091.1 British Data, 1942; Jt Army-Navy Operations Plan, 28 Oct 41, GHQ 381 INDIGO, binder 1.

15 Memo, Gen Malony for CG FF, 6 Nov 41, GHQ 320.2 (INDIGO), binder 3; Ltr, Gen Bonesteel to CofS GHQ, 14 NOV 41, GHQ 381 Defense Plans (IBC), binder 1.

16 Maps, showing camp locations, to accompany G-1 Rpt 11, OPD-GHQ files; Transportation, Supplies and Public Property, OPD-GHQ 523.

17 Data on United States and British forces previously cited.

18 An. 1-A, Synopsis of Requests for Tactical Aviation Units for Iceland (received GHQ 25 Jan 42), GHQ 381 Def Plans (IBC) binder 1; Ltr, Gen Bonesteel to CofS, GHQ, 11 Nov 41, OPD-GHQ 320.2 Organization (IBC), binder 1.

19 Strict accuracy requires it to be noted that this was the only occurrence of this sort. After the runways were reinforced and lengthened, sometime later, heavy bombers landed and took off without incident.

20 Memo, Gen Spaatz, CofAS, for ACofS WPD, 10 Sep 41, OPD-GHQ Misc files, 093 Insular Possessions; Ltr, Gen Bonesteel to CofS GHQ, 11 Nov 41, OPD-GHQ 320.2 Organization (IBC), binder 11.

21 Notes made by Lt Col W. G. Walker at a lecture by Gen Tinker, 8 Oct 41, OPD-GHQ Iceland 3 (INDIGO); Memo, Hq IBC, sub: Proposed Keflavik Airport, Exhibit C (received by GHQ, 27 Nov 41), GHQ 381 INDIGO, binder 1; Ltr, Gen Malony to CG Iceland, 29 Dec 41, OPD-GHQ INDIGO, Late Nov-Dec Reference Notes; Monthly Rpt (Nov), Base Engr to Engr GHQ, 6 Dec 41, OPD-GHQ 319.1 Iceland-Rpts.

22 Cable 102, SPOBS to TAG, 21 Oct 41 (paraphrased on WPD DF to TAG, 7 Nov 41), WPD 4493-153, sec. 5; Memo, GHQ for CofAAF, 27 Oct 41, sub: P-39E Airplanes, with ist Ind from Air AG (CofAAF) to CofS GHQ, 14 Nov 41, OPD-GHQ Iceland (Aircraft) Aviation See.

23 Memo, Col Ralph H. Wooten, Air Officer GHQ, for CofS, 23 Oct 41, GHQ 320.2 (INDIGO), binder 3 ; Ltr, (Air Commodore) W. H. Primrose (RAF) to Gen Bonesteel, 15 Dec 41, GHQ 381 Def Plans, (IBC) binder 1; Memo, Gen Malony for CofAAF, 5 Jan 42, OPD-GHQ Iceland (Aircraft) Aviation Sec.

24 Rad, GHQ to CG Iceland, 14 Nov 41, WPD 4493-172, sec. 6; An. 1-A, Synopsis of Requests for Tactical Aviation Units . . . (received in GHQ 25 Jan 42) , GHQ 381 Def Plans (IBC), binder 1.

25 GHQ interoffice Memo, 24 Oct 41 (commenting on Col Wooten's Memo to CofS GHQ, 23 Oct 41) GHQ 320.2 INDIGO, binder 3.

26 Memo, Maj William D. Old for DCofS GHQ, 8 Sep 41, WPD 4493-129, Sec 4; Radio 33 Gen Bonesteel to TAG, 29 Sep 41, GHQ-WPD INDIGO "B"; Hq IBC., Rcd of Events, Jun 41-Jun 45, IBC 314.7 ; IBC Narrative History, ch. II, sec. D, and ch. IV, secs. D-F.

27 G-1 Memo to CofS, 6 Oct 41, sub: Recreational Facilities for Forces in Iceland, OCS 21224-71. The question of "morale" is dealt with in the reports of the various survey parties of early summer. On the question of facilities, see also: Ltr, Gen Marshall to Gen Bonesteel, 13 Nov 41, WPD 4493-165, sec. 5; Ltr, Lincoln MacVeagh, American Minister to Iceland, to the President, 22 Nov 41, OCS 21224-150, bk. 22.

28 Report of Field Supervisor, American Red Cross, Iceland, 17 Apr 42, IBC 080 Red Cross, Gen, 1942-46.

29 GHQ Memo for ACofS, G-1 (WD), 4 Oct 41, GHQ 320.2 INDIGO, binder 1 ; G-4 Memo to COB, 24 Oct 41, OCS 21224-89, bk. 22 ; Memo, CofS for CNO, 28 Oct 41, WPD 4493-153, sec. 5.

30 Memo, CNO for CofS, 17 Nov 41, WPD 4493-153, sec. 5.

31 Rad, Gen Bonesteei to CofS GHQ, 17 Nov 41, GHQ 320.2 Iceland, Strength.

32 Memo, Gen Malony, DCofS GHQ, for CG FF, 1 Dec 41; Memo, CofS for CNO, 2 Dec 41. Both in OCS 21224-132, bk. 22. Ltr, Lincoln MacVeagh, American Minister to Iceland, to President, 22 Nov 41; Ltr, SW to President, 19 Dec 41. Last two in OCS 21224-150, bk. 22. Lt. Col Aln D. Warnock to CG, Iceland Base Command, Report of Conference on Navy Co-operation With Army in Matters Relating to Rations, 23 Nov 41, IBC 381 Joint Army-Navy, 1942.

33 Memo 14, 9 Oct 41; Memo 23, 18 Oct 41. In HQ, IBC, Numbered Memos 1-86, 25 Sep-31 Dec 41. Ltr, Lincoln MacVeagh to Gen Bonesteel, 9 Oct 41; MacVeagh to Bonesteel, 15 Oct 41; Bonesteel to MacVeagh, 19 Jan 42. Last three in IBC 040 Legation, IBC, binder 1 (Sep-Dec 41), binder 2 (Jan-Apr 42) . Lt Col William L. Thorkelson, The Occupation of Iceland During world War II Including the Postwar Economic and Social Effects, Thesis submitted to Graduate School of Syracuse University, Sep 49, p. 62, copy in OCMH.

34 Memo, Col Edwin C. McNeil, Acting JAG, to ACofS WPD, 9 Jun 41, sub: War Plan for Expedition to Iceland-Liaison With Civil Government, WPD 4493-4, sec. 1. The GHQ Operations Plan later incorporated the provisions of the memorandum in the G-1 annex (Annex 3) .

35 Ltr, Under Secy State Sumner Welles to SN Prank KnOX, 20 Jun 41, OPD-GHQ, INDIGO "A"

36 Defense of Iceland by U.S. Forces: Agreement between the United States of America and Iceland, Dept of State, Exec Agreement Series 232, No. 1703.

37 Consular Dispatch, 136, Reykjavik to State Dept, 18 Jul 41, sub: Projected Negotiations Between American and Icelandic Govts . . . , IBC 014.3 Civil Status and Relations (Gen), Jut 41-Apr 44 ;Unsigned Memo: Navy Dept Comment on Certain Matters re Occupation of Iceland . . . , 13 Oct 41, WPD 4493-104, sec. 4.

38 G-1 Memo for JAG, 14 Aug 41; Ltr, SW to Secy State, 8 Oct 41, and atchd Memo: War Dept Views Regarding Certain Matters re Occupation of Iceland . . . , WPD 4493-104, sec. 4; see also, Memo: Navy Dept Comment . . . , 13 Oct 41, WPD 4493-104, sec. 4..

39 Dispatch, 136, American Consul, Reykjavik, to State Dept, 18 Jul 41, IBC 014.3 Civil Status and Relations (Gen) Jul 41-Apr 41.

40 Memo of Conf, 23 Sep 41, IBC 014.3 Civil Status and Relations (Gen), Jul 41-Apr 44.

41 Hq IBC, AG Ltr to All Unit and Camp Comdrs, 28 Sep 41, sub: Claims Against the United States, IBC 014.3 Civil Status and Relations (Gen), Jul 41-Apr 44.

42 Note from Foreign Ministry to American Legation, 20 Nov 41; Min, Mtg Jt AmericanIcelandic Claims Bd, 12 Dec 41, IBC 040 Legation, Sep-Dec 41. For the figures given above, the official 1941 exchange rate of 6.5 kronur to one dollar has been used.

43 Ltr, Gen Bonesteel to Minister McVeagh, 18 Dec 41, and atchd undated hq routing slip, CG to CofS and AG; Ltr, Mr. Macveagh to Gen Bonesteel, 29 Dec 41. Both in IBC 040 Legation, Sep-Dec 4 1.

44 Ltr, Gen Bonesteel to Mr. M. B. Barnes, Charge d'Affaires, 7 Feb 42, IBC o4o Legation, Jan-Apr 42.

45 Memo, Gen Marston for CO 5th Def Bn, CO 6th Marines, and CO Brigade Hqs Co, 30 Sep 41, IBC 014.3 Civil Status and Relations (Gen), Jul 41-Apr 44.

46 Dispatch, American Minister to State Dept, No. 11, 9 Oct 41, WPD 4493-169, sec. 6.

47 Ltr, Gen Bonesteel to Macveagh, 14 Oct 41, IBC 040 Legation, Sep-Dec 41; Memo, SW to President, 29 Nov 41, sub: Civilian Relief Measures in Iceland, OCS 21224-130, bk. 22; Ltr, Macveagh to President, 22 Nov 41, OCS 21274-150, bk. 22.

48 For the censorship question, see: Cable 34, Chaney to TAG, 2 Sep 41; GHQ Metro for ACofS WPD, 3 Sep 41. Both in OPD-GHQ INDIGO "B." On the command problem see: joint Army-Navy Directive INDIGO--3, Aug 41; GHQ Opns Plan, 1 Aug 41; Ltr of Instr (2) , CofS to Gen Bonesteel, 4 Sep 41. All in OPD-GHQ INDIGO "B." Also: Ltr, Gen Marshall to Bonesteel, 23 Sep 41; Bonesteel to Marshall, 10 Oct 41. Both in OPD-GHQ INDIGO "B." GHQ Memo to Gen L. T. Gerow (WPD), 7 Nov 41; WPD Memo for CofS, 10 NOV 41; Ltr, Marshall to Bonesteel, 13 NOV 41. Last three in WPD 4493-165, sec. 5. Ltr, Marshall to Senator Francis Maloney, 10 Oct 41, WPD 4493-150, Sec. 5 ; Ltr from SW to Senator A. H. vandenburg, 16 Oct 41, OCS 21224-80. Ltr, SW to Representative G. H. Tinkhanl, 27 NOV 41, OCS 21224-123.

49 Min, Interservice Confs and Matters for Discussion, 23 Sep 41, 28 Oct 41, 23 and 27 Dec 41 8 Jan 42, 20 Jan 41, IBC 091.1 British Data, 1942.

50 Memo, Lt Col George F. Forster, S-4, for CofS IBC, 17 Oct 41; Draft Ltr, CG Iceland, to CofS GHQ, drawn up by Col Iry, Base Engr, 20 Oct 41; Memo, Forster for CofS IBC, 27 Oct 41; Memo, Forster for CofS IBC, 12 Dec 41. All in IBC 400.3295 Lend-Lease, Sep 41-Dcc 42.

51 Rad, Gen Bonesteel to CofS GHQ, 14 Nov 41; Rad, Bonesteel to CofS GHQ, 4 Dec 41; Rad, Gen McNair to CG INDIGO, 9 Dec 41. All in IBC 400.3295 Lend-Lease, Sep 41-Dec 42.

52 ist Ind, TAG to CG FF, 26 Dec 41, on GHQ Memo for TAG, 26 Nov 41 2d Ind, GHQ to CG Iceland, 31 Dec 41, In IBC 400.3295 Lend-Lease, Sep 41-Dec 42.

53 Ltr, Col Forster to Col Harmon, 25 Sep 41, OPD--GHQ Iceland 093 ; Aug 41 Rpt, Base Engr to GHQ, 1 Sep 41, OPD-GHQ 319.1 Iceland-Rpts; Sep 41 Rpt, Base Engr to GHQ, OPD-GHQ Misc 093 Iceland.

54 Rpt, Base Engr to GHQ, OPD-GHQ Misc 093 Iceland; Ltr, Gen Bonesteel to Gen Marshall, 10 Oct 41, OPD-GHQ INDIGO "B"; Rad, Col Iry to TAG, 20 Sep 41, OPD--GHQ INDIGO, Ref and Misc Data, binder 2.

55 Memo, CofS for the President (22 Sep 41), Pearl Harbor Attack, pt. 15, pp. 1636-39. For the situation leading to General Marshall's conference with the President, see Conn and Fairchild, Framework of Hemisphere Defense, pp. 143-47 ; I-tr, Marshall to Bonesteel, 23 Sep 41, OPDGHQ INDIGO "B."

56 Min, DCofS COnf, 8 Oct 41, OCS Conf File, No. 25, Oct 41 ; Min, GHQ Special Staff Conf, 8 Oct 41, AGF 337, GHQ Staff Confs, 7-23-41 to 10-31-41.

57 Memo, Adm Turner for Gen Gerow, 9 Oct 41, WPD 4493-152, sec. 5.

58 Memo, Lt Col Leven C. Allen (WPD) for Gen Gerow, 11 Oct 41; Memo, WPD to Admiral Turner, 13 Oct 41, Both in WPD 4493-152, sec. 5.

59 Min, COPS Conf, 17 Oct 41, OCS Conf File, No. 25, Oct 41; Memo, Col Allen to Gen Gerow, 19 Nov 41, WPD 4493-67, sec 6.

60 Memo, WPD for TAG, 9 Oct 41, sub: Troops to INDIGO, WPD 4493-153, sec. 5.

61 Btr, Bonesteel to Marshall, 10 Oct 41, OPD-GHQ INDIGO "B."

62 Rad, CG IBC to CG GHQ, 12 Oct 41, OPD-GHQ INDIGO "B."

63 Rad, CG IBC to CG GHQ, 12 Oct 41, OPD-GHQ INDIGO "B" ; Rad, Gen McNair (GHQ) to CG IBC, 16 Oct 41, GHQ 320.2 INDIGO, binder 3; Memo, Gen Malony for CG FF, sub: Relief of British Troops in Iceland, 27 Oct 41, WPD 4493-153, sec- 5; WPD routing form to G-3, 20 Oct 41, with unsigned Memo for Rcd, WPD 4493-156, sec. 5.

64 Cable, Gen McNarney (London) to TAG, 18 Oct 41, OPD--GHQ INDIGO "B." The same information, obtained from General Curtis, was outlined in a radiogram from General Bonesteel to CG GHQ, 31 Oct 41, GHQ 320.2 INDIGO, binder 3.

65 Memo, GHQ for WPD, 30 Oct 41, WPD 4493-153, sec. 5; Rad, GHQ to CG Iceland, 31 Oct 41; Cable 109, TAG to SPOBS, 1 Nov 41; Rad, CG Iceland to CG GHQ, 3 Nov 41; Rad, McNair, GHQ, to CG Iceland, 4 Nov 41. Last four in GHQ 32.0.2 INDIGO, binder 3. Pers Ltr, Maj Lemnitzer to Col Hays, 8 Nov 41, OPD-GHQ 320.2 Organization--IBC, binder 1.

66 Rad, McNair to CG, Iceland, 4 Nov 41, OPD-GHQ 320.2 Organization--IBC, binder 1.

67 Rad, CG, INDIGO to CG GHQ, 7 Nov 41, GHQ 320.2 INDIGO, hinder 3.

68 Rpt of Base Engr for November, 6 Dec 41, OPD-GHQ 319.1 Iceland-Rpts ; Monthly Progress Rpt, Base Engr, 18 Feb 42, IBC 600.1 Construction (Gen), 1942.

69 Extracts from Report Submitted by Capt. D. E. Barbey, USN, 26 Nov 41, OPD-GHQ, Base Facilities-INDIGO; Interoffice Memo (GHQ), by Cal Sheetz, sub: "INDIGO Augmentations . . . ," 28 Nov 41, OPD-GHQ INDIGO, Late Nov-Dec Reference Notes.

70 Min, CofS Conf, 17 Oct 41, OCS Conf file, No. 25, Oct 41; Rpt of Army-Navy Conf in WPD on 21 Oct 41 (dated 24 Oct 41), OPD-GHQ, INDIGO "B"; Pets Memo from CofS for Adm. Stark, 17 Oct 41, OCS 21224-83, bk. 22; Administrative History of the U.S. Atlantic Fleet in World War II, vol. IV, Commandant, NOB Iceland (Commander in Chief, United States Atlantic Fleet, 1946) on file in Naval Research Sec, Naval Hist Div, OCNO, p. 42.

71 Rad, Gen McNair to CG Iceland, 22 Oct 41; Memo, Col Harmon for Gen Malony, 23 Oct 41, OPD-GHQ Misc files, 093 INDIGO; Ltr, TAG to CofS GHQ and CG's sub: INDIGO (Supply levels), 10 Nov 41, OPD-GHQ, 400 Supplies (INDIGO); Recapitulation of All Supplies Shipped to Iceland by Vessel (27 Jul 41-19 Feb 42), OPD--GHQ files; Hist Monograph: Transportation of the U.S. Forces in the Occupation of Iceland (Office, Chief of Transportation), pp. 65, 104, OCMH.

72 Jt Army-Navy Directive INDIGO-3, 16 Aug 41; Memo, the President for SW and SN, 28 Aug 41, OPD--GHQ INDIGO "B." The underlining is in the original.

73 Memo, President for Adm Stark, quoted in joint Army and Navy Basic Directive for the Defense of Iceland and Greenland, 30 Sep 41; Ltr, TAG to CofS (GHQ), CG's, et al., 17 Sep 41, with 1st Ind on Ltr, AG (GHQ), to CG IBC, 23 Sep 41; I.tr, TAG to CofS (GHQ), CG's, et al., 17 Oct 41; ist Ind on Ltr, AG (GHQ) to CG Iceland, 25 Oct 41. All in IBC 381 INDIGO-NOAH, 1941.

74 Ltr, SW to the President, 21 Oct 41, Pearl Harbor Attack, Pt. 20, PP. 4442-44.

75 Ltr, Gen Bonesteel to CofS GHQ, 11 Nov 41 (and radio Msg same date), OPD-GHQ 320.2 Organization (IBC), binder a; Rad, GHQ to CG Iceland, 14 Nov 41, WPD 4493-172, sec. 6.

76 Rad, CG Iceland, to CG GHQ, 16 Nov 41, WPD 8493--172, sec. 6.

77 Memo, WPD for CofS, sub: Aviation, 24 Nov 41; Memo, CofS for CNO, 25 Nov 41. Both in 4493-173, sec. 6. Memo, CNO for CofS, 5 Dec 41, OPD-GHQ, INDIGO "B."

78 Memo, CofS for CNO, 6 Dec 41, WPD 4493-173, sec. 6; Cable, McNair to SPOBS_ London, 6 Dec 41, OPD-GHQ, INDIGO "B" ; An. 1-A: Synopsis of Requests for Tactical Aviation Units for Iceland Base Command, received GHQ, 25 Jan 42, GHQ 381 Def Plans (IBC), binder 1.


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