Endnotes for Chapter XVIII

1 Distribution, Versatility, and Excellence of Wacs Serving with ASF, a 10-page summary prepared by Colonel Goodwin a year before the end of the war. Atchd to Memo, Dir WAC for CG ASF, 23 Sep 44, WDWAC 341, in SPAP 341 WAC (11-6-43). Unless otherwise stated, references are to this, by brief title, ASF WAC Summary. See 'fable 4, Appendix A.

2 Interv with Lt Col Katherine Goodwin, 2 May 51.

3 ASF WAC Summary.

4 Unless otherwise specified, statements through 1943 are from (1) Narrative OCSigO, Activities in Connection with WAAC or WAC Pers for Signal Corps Duty. October 1943, DRB AGO. Hereafter cited as SigC WAC Narrative. (Sec Bibliographical Note) (2) Bound folder, WAAC Pers on Signal Corps Duty, Tab 1, Policy of OCSigO Regarding WAAC: Pers: loaned historian by Capt Jane Reeves, SigC WAC Stf Dir, 3 May 96, present location unknown. Hereafter cited as SigC Stf Dir file. (3) Interviews with: Maj Walter F. McDonald, SigC, OCSigO; Col Donald H. Nelson, OCSigO. Maj James L. Clark, OCSigO: Mr. Bruce W. Quisenberry, PRO, OCSigO; Lt j. Fisher, OCSigO; Maj Charlotte L:. Rhodes, former CO 334 1st Sig Serv Co, Germany, and 17th Sig Co, Ft Myer, Va.; all on 19 Sep 49; Capt Barbara Rodes, WAC. Stf Dir, G-2, 22 Mar 46.

5 Rpt, CSigO to SW, 1919, extract in Memo, Chief MPD SigC for Adm Div SigC, 29 Sep 42. SigC 320.2 WAC.

6 Memo, Brig Geri Charles M. Milliken, OCSigO, for Dir WAAC, 26 Oct 12. SPWA 320.2 (10-26-42), unnumbered folder. Signal Corps. G 1 WD WAC files.

7 (1) Stf Study, Maj J. K. Cunningham for G-1, 4 Nov 42. SPGAM 320.2 WAAC (9-15-42), in WD G-1 321 WAC (2) Memo, CG ASF for CofS USA, 17 Jun 42. WD G-1 320.2 WAC (6-12-42), Tab A.

8 (1) WDBPR Press Release, 9 Jan 43. (2) Ltr, Miss Stella Gunning. Pres WIRES. Trinidad Junior College, Colo., to Dir WAAC, 20 Nov 42, with Ind, Dir WAC to SigC. SigC 320.2 WAAC.

9 (1) Memo, Maj. W. K. St. Clair, MPD OCSigO, for Chief MPD, 14 Oct 44. SPSMP 320.2 WAAC, in unnumbered folder Signal Corps. WAC files. (2) Memo, Chief MPD OCSigO for Actg CSigO, 19 Oct 42, SigC 320.2 WAC. (3) R&W Slip, Action 1. SigC Aux Br for MPD SigC, 9 Jul 42. SigC 320.2 WAAC

10 (1) Comments to R&W Sheet, MPD OCSigO to Chief; 17 Nov 42; (2) R&W Sheet, Entry 1, Capt Kenneth E. BeLieu to Col King. 8 Dec 42. SigC 320.2 WAAC.

11 Ltrs, Chief MPD OCSigO to Chiefs of Mil Br, CE, Ord Dept, 10 Nov 42, with incl: replies by 1st Inds. SigC 320.2 WAAC.

12 SigC WAC Narrative; also R&W Slip, Capt BeLieu, MPB OCSigO for Chief, 9 Dec 42. SigC 320.2 WAAC.

13 (1) Story of further WIRES planning: Stf Study, Capt BeLieu, MPB OCSigO, 15 Dec 42, with covering memos. SigC 322 WAC 1943. Memo. 2d O M. McCull for Dir WAAC, 5 Jan 43. Unnumbered folder, Signal Corps, WAC files. R&W Slip, Entry 1, Maj john W. Ramsey, SigC, for Exec OCSigO, 6 Jan 43. SigC 322 WAC 1943. Memo, 2d Os Brainerd and McCull for Dir WAAC, 11 Feb 43, with Incl and Inds. Unnumbered folder. Signal Corps, WAC files. (2) Two WDBPR Press Releases, 10 Dec 42, and 14 Apr 43.

14 SigC Stf Dir file.

15 The WAC in the SigC, Speech by Col Oveta Culp Hobby. SigC file, OCMH. See Ch. XX, below, for North African Theater of Operations details.

16 Appendix to SigC WAC Narrative.

17 (1) Ibid. (2) Speech cited n. 15. (3) Interv with Capt Jane Reeves SigC WAC Stf Dir, 3 May 46.

18 Ltr, Post SigO, Ft Bliss, Texas, to Chief MPB OCSigO. SigC 322 WAC 1943.

19 (1) Appendix cited n. 16. (2) Stf study cited n. 13(1). (3) Memo, Col James S. Willis, SigC for Brig Gen Frank C. Meade, OCSigO, 17 May 43. SigC 322 WAC. (4) WDBPR Press Releases. 11 and 21 May 43.

20 (1) Ltr, Hq AAF to AACS, 31 Jul 44, and incls. WD G-1 220.3 WAC (8-7-44). (2) SigC WAC Narrative. (3) Memo, Dir MPD ASF for Dir Pers ASF, 26 Oct 43. SPAP 341 WAAC (2-26-43).

21 (1) Speech cited n. 15. (2) Quotation from Ltr TAG for six SvCs. 25 Mar 44. SPX 341 WAC (3-22-44) PR-1. (3) WD Cir 340, 29 Dec 43. (4) Memo, Chief Pers and Tng Serv OCSigO, for CCs ASF, 7 Jun 44. SPMSP 320.2 WAC, in SigC 322 WAC.

22 (1) WDBPR Press Release, Enlistment. (2) R&W Slip, Maj John W. Ramsey, SigC, for Exec OCSigO, 6 Jan 43. SigC 322 WAC.

23 Memo. Lt Col Matthew G. Jones, SigC, OIC Code Cen, for Capt Louis P. Fuchs, 20 Jan 44. Unnumbered files of Career Management Br, OCSigO.

24 The SigC Message, Ft Monmouth, N. J., July 21, 1944. p. 2.

25 WDBPR Press Release, Wacs in the Signal Center; in Washington Post, November 12, 1944, and Army limes, December 16, 1944.

26 Ltr, Gen Ingles to Col Hobby, 12 July 43. WAAC file and SigC 322 WAC.

27 Release cited n. 25.

28 (1) Interv with Capt Barbara Rodes, WAC Stf Dir G-2 WD. 22 Mar 46. (2) WDBPR Press Release, Enlistment. (3) Memo, Dir Pers ASF for CSigO, 6 Dec 44. SPAP 320.2 WAC.

29 M/R, sub: Fld Trip to Ft Monmouth; also R&W Slip. MPB OCSigO for Pens and Tog Serv. 15 Jul 43. Folder, WAC Surveys, unnumbered files of SigC Career Management Br.

30 WDBPR Press Release. Enlistment. (2) Interv with Capt Jane Reeves, SigC WAC Stf Dir; 3 May 46. (3) Memo. MPB OCSigO for CG SigC Photographic Cen, Long Island. 26 July 43. SigC 320.2 WAAC.

31 (1) The McClellan Cycle, April 13; 1945. "SigC Job Big One on Post." (2) Press Release, 2d WAC Tng Cen, 1 Jul 43.

32 (1) See overseas chapters. (2) Intervs cited n. 4. (3) Memo, Chief Pers and Tog Serv OCSigO for CSigO, 23 Sep 44. SPMSP 320.2 WAC, in SigC 322 WAC.

33 Memo cited n. 21(4).

34 Memo, Exec, G-1 Div for G-1. 12 Oct 44; Memo, "H.E.K." for Maj Gen Stephen C. Henry, G-1. 18 Oct 44. WD G-1 322 WAC.

35 Memo, CofT for CG ASF, 30 Sep 44, SPTPM 220.3 WAC; with 2d Ind from CSigO and 3d from MPD ASF. SPGAC 210.3 WAC.

36 Memo cited n. 21(4).

37 For details, see Ch. XX, below.

38 (1) Press Release, Hq ComZ ETO, Receipt No. 92782, 10 Jul 45. (2) Interv with Capt Jane Reeves, SigC WAC Stf Dir, 3 May 46. (3) M/R, 9 Oct 44, sub: Summary of Radiograms on WAC Sig Serv Bn for ETO. MTD OCSigO 322 WAC Sig Serv Bn. (4) Ltr. CSigO to Dir WAC. 5 May 49. PRO file, OCSigO.

39 See Chs. XXI, XXII, below.

40 (1) Memo cited n. 21(4). (2) Memo cited n. 32(3).

41 Discussions of WAC staff officers' opinions are based on: (1) Interv with Capt Barbara Rodes, WAC Stf Dir G-2 WD, 22 Mar 46. (2) Intervs with Lt. Col Dorothea A. Coleman. WAC Stf Dir, NATO and MTO, 21 Jan and 8 Feb 46. (3) SigC refs in Chs. XX -XXIII, below. (4) Intervs cited n. 4(3).

42 Conditions in The Three Women's ,Services.

43 Sources cited n. 41.

44 Ibid.

45 Memo cited n. 21(4).

46 Intervs cited n. 4(3).

47 SigC Bd Study 17, Employment of WAC in Communications Activities. FMSCB 324.5, 5 Oct 48, Hq Ft Monmouth, in SigC 200.3 WAC No 1, 1948.

48 D/F; SigC Career Management Br to Mai. James L. Clark, 23 Mar 49, sub: WAC Problem, SIGMP-4 Comment 1, with reply, Maj Clark to Col Nelson, 24 Mar 49. Corresp folder, Career Management Br files, OCSigO.

49 Unless otherwise specified, all references are from the following sources: (1) ASF WAC Summary, Sec With Chemical Warfare Serv. (2) Memo, WAC Stf Dir CWS for Asst ASF WAC Off, 10 Aug 44. copy furnished author by Stf Dir. (3) Interv with Maj Helen E. Hart, CWS WAC Stf Dir. 26 Mar 46. (4) CW Bull, Mar-May 45, Vol. 31, No. 2, "Here Are the WAC," pp. 4-11. (5) Comments, undated, by Lt Mary B. Warner, OTI CWS, on first draft of this section submitted to her for CWS comment. WAC files OCMH.

50 (1) Strength of the Army, STM 30, 5 Jul 45, p. 19. (2) Memo. Chief MPB OCSigO for Chief Pers and Tng Serv OCSigO, 16 Jun 44. sub: WAC Enl Str of Various Tech Servs. SigC Career Management Br files, OCSigO.

51 Memo, Col Harold E. Brooks; CWS, for Maj Gen William N. Porter, 2 Jun 43. CWS 324.5 WAC (Apr-Jun 43).

52 Bull cited n. 49(4).

53 Ltr, Col Brooks. CWS, to CO, Huntsville Arsenal. Ala. CWS 324.5 WAC (Apr-Jun 43).

54 Interv cited n. 49(3).

55 (1) Memo, Chief MPB CWS for CO WAAC Det, Pine Bluff, Ark, 17 Aug 43; (2) Ltr, Gen Porter, Chief CWS, to Dir WAC, 5 Jul 43. CWS 324.5 WAC (Jul-Sep 43).

56 Memo. WAC Stf Dir CWS for CG ASF, Att: MTD, 29 Mar 44. CWS 324.5 WAC (Jan-Mar 94).

57 Ltr, Chief CWS to Dir WAC, 6 May 44. CWS 324.5 WAC (Apr-Jul 44).

58 Bull cited n. 49(4).

59 All references, unless otherwise stated, are to the following sources: (1) Ltr, Asst to Dist Engr, U.S. Engr Office. Manhattan Dist, Oak Ridge, Tenn. to Hist Div WDSS, 19 Apr 46. EIDMP-44, now in WAC files, OCMH (2) Unit History. WAC Det, 9812th TSU-CE, Manhattan Dist. Copy in WAC files, OCMH. (3) Interv with WAC Stf Dir CE, Capt Arlene G. Scheidenhelm 14 Feb 46. (4) STM 30, Strength of the Army, .5 Jul 45; WAC strength is from ASF WAC Summary.

60 Commendations cited n. 59(1).

61 Specifically, to the Exec, Air WAC Div, Maj Treadwell.

62 Commendations cited n. 59(1).

63 (1) ASIA WAC Summary. (2) Memo, CG Erie Proving Ground for CofOrd, 30jun 44. Ord 322/731. (3) Places of employment: Ordnance Depots: Atlanta, Frankfort, MT. Ranier, Red River, and Savannah, Ordnance Districts: Philadelphia, St. Louis. Arsenals: Raritan, San Antonio.

64 (1) Ltr, 151st WAAC Tech Co to Dir WAAC, 10 Feb 43: (2) Memo, WAAC Hq for TAG. 19 May 43; (3) Memo, WAAC Hq for SGO, 2 Jun 43: (4) AGO Memo W635-3-43; (5) Ltr, Aberdeen Proving Ground to CofOrd, 27 Aug 43. WA 451 (7-25-42) 1942, Vehicles for WAAC.

65 (1) ASF WAC Summary. (2) Account by Col Merle H. Davis, Ch. XXII below.

66 (1) Memo, Tech Div OCofOrd for MPB Ord, 16 Nov 43. Ord 322.436. (2) Memo, Dir Pers ASF for CofOrd, 5 Jun 44. SPAP 210.3 (8-30-43).

67 Text is based on (1) Seven documents found in OQMG files. (2) ASF WAC Summary.

68 (1) Memo, Serv Installations Div OQMG for Mil Plans Div, 26 Jan 43, and 4 Incls. QM 321 WAC 1943. (2) Memo, by Brig Gen Henry D. F. Munnikhuysen, OQMG. QM 320.2 WAC 1942. (3) 1st Ind, "K.H." to SigC, 16 Nov 42, to Bsc Ltr, Chief MPD CSigO to OQMG, 10 Nov 42. QM 320.2 WAC.

69 Ibid.

70 (1) Ltr, Maj Gen Edmund B. Gregory to Dir WAC, 16 Jul 43. QM 321 WAC. (2) Memo, Capt Laura Asbury, WAC Asst, for MTD ASF, 29 Mar 44. QM 320.2 WAC.

71 (1) Ltr, Gen Munnikhuysen, OQMG, to CG Boston Depot, 12 Feb 44. QM 210.31 WAC. (2) Ltr, OQMG to 20 QM depots, etc, 21 Mar 44. QM 210.31 WAC. (3) Memo, OQMG for TAG, 2 Mar 44. QM 210.31 WAC.

72 ASF WAC Summary.

73 Unless otherwise documented, this section is based upon: (1) History of Hampton Roads POE, The Road to Victory, Vol. II, pp. 174 ff. Copies in OCMH. (2) Intervs with Capt Jane Engleman WAC Stf Dir TC, 1945-46; Capt Fay Foushee, WAC Pers Off TC, 1946-Oct 1947; Lt Key, WAC Pers Off TC, Oct 1947-48. (3) ASF WAC; Summary. (4) STM 30, Strength of the Army, 5 Jul 45.

74 Ltr, TC to Dir WAC, 16 Dee 43; also 1st Ind and 1.tr, Dir WAC to CofT, 28 Feb 44. SPTPM 220.3 WAC, in SPWA 320.2 (8-18-42)(1) sec 6.

75 Ltr, Ruth Frederick. Gp Leader, American Red Cross, to CG NYPOE, 12 Nov 46. WAC Stf Dir TC file.

76 History cited n. 73(1), Ch. 14, written by Sgt Freda Zegman, HRPOE.

77 Interv with Capt Theresa Davis, wartime CO WAC Det NYPOE.

78 Sec Ch. XXI, below.

79 Memo, CofT for CG ASF, 30 Sep 44. SPRPM 220.3 WAC.

80 Ltr, Sgts Brown and Niles and Cpl Kunmick, undated. Folder, Hospital Ships. WAC Stf Dir TC file.

81 For general discussion of War Bride Ships: Ltr, WAC Stf Dir NYPOE: to CofT, 19 Jan 46, with incl. SPTAA 324.5 WAC, copy in WAC Pers Off, TC.

82 Memo, CofT for TAG, 14 Jan 47, (Rpts Contl Symbol WDGPA-(OT)-78) file TCPER-MPB-320; in reply to Ltr, TAG for CofT, 26 Dec 46, A6AM-PM-320 (11-27-46).

83 ASF WAC Summary. TC sec.

84 (1) Memo, Dir WAAC for TAG, 17 May 43; (2) Memo. Exec WAAC for TAG. 4  Jun 43. SPWA 210.63, in AG file. (3) Memo, AGO Tng Br for Dir WAAC, 25 May 43. AG 210.63 (AG Sch) OT-S. (4) Memo, Exec WAAC for TAG, 23 Jul 43. SPAP 352 (5-19-43).

85 ASF WAC Summary.

86 (1) Historical monograph, Personnel, General. Job A46- 156, Drawer 4, ASF files of OCofFin, Jul 1940-Nov 1945. (2) Memo. Fiscal Dir for TAG, 21 Jun 43. AG 210.63 Army Fin Schs (2-9-43)(1). (3) Historical Monograph; Mil Tng, OCofFin, Tab G, Basic WAC Enl Fin Course. Job A46-156, Drawer 4, OCofFin.

87 This section, including quotations, is based on: (1) Military History of the Second World War: Corps of Chaplains, Part III, pp. 95 ff. OCMH. (2) Memo, Lois Hill, Secy, for Dir WAAC, 10 Mar 43. SPWA 230.3.

88 Memo, G-3 for CG SOS 26 Sep 42. WDGCT 322.999 MP (9-16-42), in SPAP 320.2 General.

89 Memo, MPD ASF for Dir Pers, ASF, 10 Aug 43. SPAP 320.2 WAAC (5-17-43).


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