Last updated 18 February 2004
Endnotes for Chapter XXXI
1 Professor Webb, Slade Professor of Fine Arts at Cambridge University, served throughout World War I and had held a Staff position for three and one-half years during World War II.
2 As stated in Chapter XIV, Note 36, Colonel Newton had been directed to visit both the Mediterranean and European Theaters to gather information that would aid in formulating a program. Because of his civilian ability as an architect and his army experience, Civil Affairs Division considered him a suitable officer to head the Arts and Monuments Section in the European theater. The recommendation met with opposition at SHAEF, particularly by the British. Though Hilldring, Chief of Civil Affairs Division, was informed in November 1944 that Newton would be designated Deputy Chief, MFA&A, by Eisenhower, the records do not show that such action was ever taken. On 1 April 1945, a message from SHAEF, G-5, to Hilldring stated that Newton was returning to the united States. CAD dies, 000.4 (5-25-43) (1), sec. 6.
3 When Operations Branch was abolished on the reorganization of G-5 Division, 1 March 1945, the functions of Monuments, Fine Arts and Archives Section were allocated to the newly activated Internal Affairs Branch.
4 In a study dated 1 April 1944, Government Affairs Branch, CA SS, SHAEF, recommended the preparation of a letter of instruction from the Supreme Commander to all commanders and a general order, both modeled on those issued for MTO on 29 December 1943. Issuance of the General Order was disapproved on the ground that detailed instructions on preservation of monuments, fine arts, and archives were included in directives to Army Group Commanders under preparation for the guidance of civil affairs officers in each liberated country. It was felt that SCAEF's directive was sufficient to impress on all commanders his concern for cultural objects.
5 Based on discussions with authorities and officers who had served as MFA&A specialists in the Mediterranean Theater and on experience gained in the preparation of Country Handbooks, Civil Affairs Instructions No. 15, issued by the Civil Affairs Division of SHAEF on 17 February 1944, was revised and enlarged.
6 This letter marked the first concrete definition of policy on archives.
7 Confirming conference between Chief, MFA&A, SHAEF and Chief, MFA&A See, Seine Base, 30 September 1944.
8 This letter was written a few days after the writer arrived in Rome and set forth a plan based on his observations in Northwest Europe and Italy. As indicated below, a different plan was adopted.
9 No Monuments, Fine Arts and Archives Section, as such, was set up in southern France. The safeguarding of artistic treasures was a responsibility of the Law, Public Safety, and Fine Arts Branch of Civil Affairs Headquarters.
10 Seventh Army Staff Sec Rpts, L-1140, Envelope 5.
11 A special report, dated 15 September 1944, covering in detail damages to historic objects and art collections is contained in the above-cited file.
12 Early plans provided that assistance in safeguarding monuments, fine arts, and archives would be a function of the Safety and Welfare Section of Civil Affairs but, upon arrival in Oslo, CA officers found that the Norwegian Home Front and Forces of the Interior were in full control throughout the country (Chapter XXIX, Section 3). Therefore, the activities of the Safety Section with regard to objects of cultural significance were confined primarily to inspections and reports.
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Last updated 18 February 2004 |