Endnotes for Chapter XXI

1 Background for this chapter was obtained through interviews with: Gen Ridley, Pentagon, 19 Dec 44, War Office, Tehran, 24 Jul 45, and Pentagon, 7 Feb 47; Col Schwarzkopf, Tehran, 3 Aug 45; Col Boone, Tehran, 30 Jul 45; Col Mahoney and Maj Conly, Tehran, on several occasions in Jul and Aug 45; Col Charles G. Dodge of G-3 and Lt Col Victor B. Shemwell, Pentagon, 10 May 50; Louis Dreyfus, Washington, 14 Apr 49; and Wallace Murray, Tehran, 30 Jul 45.

2 (1) Copies of the Army contract in Case 59, Sec II, and Case 71, Sec III-A, OPD 210.684 Iran, HRS DRB AGO. These files contain also drafts, memoranda, and other papers relating to the negotiations. (2) Copies of the Gendarmerie contract in VII-4-C, IranForeign Advisers-U.S. Gendarmerie Mission, Div of Near Eastern Affairs, Dept State, and in MID 370.093 Iran 6 Jan 44 (26 Oct 42). Also published in Department of State Executive Agreements Series 361 Publication 2084.

3 (1) Memo for Dir, OPD, 21 Oct 43, sub: Clarification of Status of the Schwarzkopf Mission. Case 67, Sec II, OPD 210.684 Iran, HRS DRB AGO. (2) Ltr of Instructions, Gen McNarney, DCofS, to Col Schwarzkopf, 23 Oct 43. Same file. (3) Rad 574 Dept State to Dreyfus, 11 Nov 43. VII-4-C, Iran-Foreign Advisers-U.S. Gendarmerie Mission, Div of Near Eastern Affairs, Dept State.

4 (1) Rpt, Schwarzkopf to Minister of Interior, 31 Oct 42. VII--4-C, Iran-Foreign Advisers-U.S. Gendarmerie Mission, Div of Near Eastern Affairs, Dept State. (2) Rpt to Prime Minister, 22 Feb 43. Same file.

5 Ltr, Schwarzkopf to U.S. Ambassador, Tehran, 16 Aug 44. VII-4-C, Iran-Foreign Advisers-U.S. Gendarmerie Mission, Div of Near Eastern Affairs, Dept State. Another copy Case 71, See III-A, OPD 210.684 Iran, HRS DRB AGO.

6 (1) Ltr, Schwarzkopf to Col Alfred D. Starbird, OPD, 18 Aug 45. Case 103, Sec IV, OPD 210.684 Iran, HRS DRB AGO. (2) Rads 756 and 775, Murray to Dept State, 24 and 27 Sep 45. VII-4-C, Iran-Foreign Advisers-U.S. Gendarmerie Mission, Div of Near Eastern Affairs, Dept State.

7 Rnt by Schwarzkopf, undated. MID 370.093 Iran 6 Jan 44 (26 Oct 42).

9 See Millspaugh, Americans in Persia, especially pp. 104-05, 114-15.

10 Rad 881, Richard Ford, U.S. Charge d'Affaires ad interim at Tehran, to Dept State, 14 Mar 44. VII-4-B, Iran-Foreign Advisers-U.S. Military Mission, 1942, Near East Div, Dept State.

11 (1) Rpt, Estimate of Accomplishments, cited n. 8(3). (2) Progress Rpt, 1 Jun 45, cited n. 8 (4) . (3) From the United States came 200 Studebaker 5-ton and 400 Ford 1 %-ton trucks, some of which were assembled by Iranian Army personnel under Ridley's supervision at PGC plants.

12 Memo, Ridley for Handy, 13 Oct 42. Case 47, Sec 1, OPD 210.684 Iran, HRS DRB AGO.

13 (1) Ltr, Scott to Ridley, 13 Jul 43. 334 Maj Gen Ridley's Mission to Iranian Government, SL 9011. (2) Ltr, Scott to Ridley, 2 Aug 43. 451.2 Trucks (for Iranian Army), SL 9028.

14 Memo, OPD, 9 Feb 45, referring to Gen McNarney's ruling of 15 Jul 43. Case 100, Sec IV, OPD 210.684 Iran, HRS DRB AGO. See also Rad WAR 50023, Somervell to Booth, for Ridley from Shingler (then at Munitions Assignments Board), 9 Mar 45. 334 U.S. Military Mission with the Iranian Army, SL 9011.

15 (1) Ltr cited n. 5. (2) Ltr, Schwarzkopf to Col Frederic H. Chaffee, OPD, 2 Oct 44. Case 71, Sec III-A, OPD 210.684 Iran, HRS DRB AGO. This says 25,000 pairs of shoes. (3) Ltr, Supply Div, GHQ, PGC, to Harold B. Hoskins, Chief Representative, Foreign Economic Administration, Tehran, 2 Jan 45. 400.3296 (Iranian), SL 9020. No later figure is available for the Gendarmerie, but on the analogy of the Army Mission, which reported as of 11 September 1945 "more than $2,600,000 worth of equipment and supplies," it is likely that the additional year added little to the 1944 total. (4) Rpt, Estimate of Accomplishments, cited n. 8 (3 ).

16 Ltr, Stettinius to Stimson, 25 Oct 44. Case 71, Sec III-A, OPD 210.684 Iran, HRS DRB AGO.

18 Ltr, Stimson to Secy State, 27 Dee 44. Intn Div, ASF, Lend-Lease Documentary Supplement, Vol. VIII, 1 Aug-31 Dec 44. See also Rad 24, Stettinius to AMEMBASSY, Tehran, 17 Jan 45. VII-4-B, Foreign Advisers-U.S. Military Mission 1942, Near East Div, Dept State.

19 (1) Memo and Rad cited n. 14. (2) Ltr, Harold B. Minor, Actg Chief, Div of Near Eastern Affairs, Dept State, to Col Dan Gilmer, OPD, 5 Jun 45; Memo, OPD for CG, ASF, 8 Jun 45, sub: Equipment for the Iranian Gendarmerie; Ltr, DCofS to Schwarzkopf, 14 Jun 45, deleting par. 4-a of Ltr of Instructions. Case 100, Sec IV, OPD 210.684 Iran, HRS DRB AGO.

20 Progress Rpt, 1 Jun 45, cited n. 8(4).

21 (1) Materials for the Iranian Army, already landed, were thrown into the custody of PGC by the stoppage of lend-lease. Included were quantities of cloth for uniforms and Army feeling ran high because the Gendarmerie had already received cloth. The difficulty was solved, somewhat awkwardly, by having PGC declare the cloth surplus and sell it to Iran through the Army-Navy Liquidation Commission. Progress Rpt cited n. 8 (1) . (2) The President's similar action after V-E Day, which contributed to the rapid deterioration in Soviet-American relations, was later regretted by him. Interview with the President by Arthur Krock, The New York Times, February 15, 1950. Stalin told Hopkins at Moscow on 27 May 1945 that it made it impossible for the Russians to "make a suitable expression of gratitude to the United States for the Lend-Lease assistance during the war . . . ." Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, p. 888.

22 Progress Rpt, 30 Dec 43, cited n. 8 (4). The maximum actual (not authorized) strength of the Army Mission during the war period was about twenty-five officers and men; of the Gendarmerie Mission, about twenty-two officers and men.

23 Ltr, Secy War to Secy State, 23 Jun 44. Case 71, Sec III-A, OPD 210.684 Iran, HRS DRB AGO.

24 Ltr, Hull to Stimson, 14 Aug 44, and reply, Robert A. Lovett, Actg Secy War to Secy State, 18 Aug 44. Case 71, Sec III-A, OPD 210.684 Iran, HRS DRB AGO.

25 (1) Ltr cited n. 16. The letter praised Ridley's work as contributing to good international relations. (2) Ltr cited n. 18. (3) Progress Rpt, 21 Mar 45, cited n. 8(4).

27 (1) Rad 553, Ambassador Murray to Dept State, 28 Jul 45. VII-4-C, Iran-Foreign Advisers-U.S. Gendarmerie Mission, Div of Near Eastern Affairs, Dept State. (2) Rad 756 cited in n. 6(2). (3) Rad 558, Acheson to Murray, 26 Sep 45. VII-4-C, Iran-Foreign Advisers-U.S. Gendarmerie Mission, Div of Near Eastern Affairs, Dept State. Acheson's message had the concurrence of the War Department on the recommendation of General Connolly, then at OPD. (4) Rad 775 cited n. 6(2). (5) Ltr, Schwarzkopf to Starbird, OPD, 2 Oct 45, VII-4-C, Iran-Foreign Advisers-U.S. Gendarmerie Mission, Div of Near Eastern Affairs, Dept State.

28 Dispatch 99, Dept State to U.S. Embassy, Tehran, 21 Sep 45, Mission Rpts File, Mission Hq, War Office, Tehran.

29 Ltr, Dept State to Representative Karl E. Mundt, 7 Dee 45. VII-4-C:, Iran-Foreign Advisers--U.S. Gendarmerie Mission, Div of Near Eastern Affairs, Dept State.

30 In 1946 Ridley was succeeded by Maj. Gen. Robert W. Grow who was replaced a year later by Maj. Gen. Vernon Evans. In 1948 Schwarzkopf was succeeded by Col. James R. Pierce. In the five postwar years the strength of the Gendarmerie Mission remained about the same, that is, under twenty officers and men, while the Army Mission was increased by some twenty enlisted men in 1949 to perform service and maintenance of the articles made available to Iran from U.S. surplus stocks after the war.

31 The 1947 contract was published in the Department of State's Treaties and Other International Acts, Series 1666; reprinted in Treaties and International Acts, Series 1924.

32 Abstracts of documents quoted are in PGF 261.

33 Award published in GO 119, WD, 17 Dee 45. Medal presented at Tehran, 20 Jan 46.

34 Rad 799, Allen to Secy State, 4 Jun 46. Abstract PGF 261. 

35 Ltr, Acheson to Patterson, 21 Jun 46. Abstract PGF 261.

36 Published in SO 158, WD, 18 Jul 46, with rank from 12 Jul 46. See also Memo, Eisenhower for Secy War, 9 Jul 46; and Memo, Secy War for President, 9 Jul 46. Abstracts PGF 261.