Endnotes for Chapter XXI
1 See Note for Conf With Gen Brooke [latter part of May 1944],
Item 843, Book 19, Exec 9.
2
Ibid.
3
Msg, Gen Handy to Gen W. B. Smith, 25 May 44. Item 843, Book 19, Exec 9.
4 (1) Harrison, Cross-Channel Attack, pp. 411ff. (2) Pogue,
Supreme Command, p. 180.
5 Informal Notes of CCS 163d mtg, 11 Jun 44, Item 838, Book 19, Exec
9.
6 (1) Ibid. (2) Msg, Marshall to McNarney, 11 Jun 44, CM-IN
9167. (3) Msg, CCS to Wilson and Eisenhower, 14 Jun 44, CM-IN 11530.
7 JWPC 225/5, 12 Jun 44, title: Operation in Support of OVERLORD.
8
Quote is handwritten on memo, Lt Col Frank S.
Henry for Chief SS, 20 Jun 44, sub: Operations to
Assist OVERLORD, the Mediterranean, filed with SS 240/17 in
ABC 381 SS Papers, Nos. 240/11240/24 (7 Jan 43). See also: memo, Lt Col R. V.
Boyle for Caraway, 15 Jun 44, sub: SHAEF Planners.
Views on Operations From Mediterranean To Support OVERLORD, filed with SS
240/17 in ABC 381 SS Papers, Nos. 240/11-240/24 (7 Jan 43).
9 (1) Msg, Wilson to Eisenhower, 19 Jun
44, CM-IN
16273. (2) Memo not used, 20 Jun 44, sub: Course of Action in the
Mediterranean, Case 842, Book 19, Exec 9. (3) James D. T. Hamilton, Southern
France and Alsace, MS, OCMH files, Ch. IV. Wilson's planning staff had
come out strongly in favor of ANVIL because all previous preparations had
been made with the landings in the Toulon Marseille
area in view. Troops, shipping, air forces, and logistics had been pointed
toward ANVIL, and the staff believed that a shift at this point to Site,
Istria, or the Bay of Biscay would cause unacceptable delay.
10 Quote is from msg, Marshall to Eisenhower, z2 Jun
44, CM-OUT 54372.
See also msg, Eisenhower to Marshall, 20 Jun 44, CM-IN 16616.
11 (1) Msg, Eisenhower to CCS, 23 Jun 44, CM-IN 19511. (2) Winston S.
Churchill, The Second World War: Triumph and Tragedy (Boston,
Houghton Mifflin Company, 1953), p. 62.
12 Hamilton, Southern France and Alsace, Ch. IV.
13 (1) Msg, COS (W) 130, Br COS to Br Joint Staff Mission, 26 Jun 44,
Item 11, Exec 2. (2) Msg 718, Prime Minister to President, 28 Jun 44,
Item 63c, Exec 10. (3) Hamilton, Southern France and Alsace, Ch. IV. (4)
Churchill, Triumph and Tragedy, pp. 63ff.
14 (1) Msg, Marshall to Eisenhower, 27 Jun 44, CM-OUT 57012. (2) CCS
603/2, 27 Jun 44, title: Operations To Assist OVERLORD. (3) Msg 578, President
to Prime Minister, 28 Jun 44, Item 63c, Exec 10.
15 From note by the Prime Minister and Minister of Defence, 28 Jun
44,
quoted in Churchill, Triumph and Tragedy, pp. 716-21.
16 (1) Msgs 717, and 718, Prime Minister to President,
28 Jun 44, Item 63c, Exec 10. (2) CCS 603/3, 28 Jun 44, title: Operations
To Assist OVERLORD. (3) Msg, Eisenhower to Marshall, 29 Jun 44, CM-IN
24126.
17
Msg, President to Prime Minister, 29 Jun 44 quoted in
Churchill, Triumph and Tragedy, pp. 721-23. See also (1) memo, C.
K. G. for Handy, 30 Jun 44, sub: Info From White House (Col [Richard]
Park, [Jr.]), Item 71, Exec l0, and (2) draft msg, President to Prime
Minister, 1 Jul 44, Item 63c, Exec 10. Churchill's italics.
18 Churchill, Triumph and Tragedy, p. 65. Italics are
Churchill's.
19 Quoted in Churchill, Triumph and Tragedy, p. 66.
20
(1) Msg, CCS to Wilson and Eisenhower, 2 Jul 44 CM-IN 1613. (3)
Memo, C. K. G. for Handy, 4 Jul 44, sub: Info From White House (Col Park),
Item 71, Exec 10. (3) Churchill, Triumph and Tragedy, p. 66.
21 Msg, Prime Minister to Hopkins,19 Jul 44. Item 63c, Exec l0.
22 Memo, Bissell for CofS, 9Jul 44, no sub, Item 888, Book 20, Exec
9.
23 (1) Msg, Gen Roberts sgd Gen Marshall to Gen Devers for Brig Gen
Reuben Jenkins, 5 Jul 44. CM-OUT 61007- (2) Hamilton, Southern France and Alsace, Ch. IV. (3)
Craven and Cate, AAF III, 419.
24 Msg, Marshall to Devers, 16 Jul 44, CM-OUT 66124.
25 (1) Msg 742, Prime Minister to President, ,4 Aug 44, Item 63c, Exec
10. (2) Eisenhower, Crusade in Europe, pp. 281-84. (3) Hamilton,
Southern France and Alsace, Ch. IX. (4) Churchill, Triumph and Tragedy,
pp. 67-70.
26 (1) Memo, prepared by Billo, 5 Aug 44, no sub. (2) Memo, Billo for
Roberts, 7 Aug 44, no sub. Both filed with SS 240/Misc in ABC 381 SS
Papers, Nos. 240/11-240/24 (7 Jan. 43).
27 (1) Memo, Col Park for SGS, 7 Aug
44, no sub, Item 63c, Exec 10.
(2) Msg 596, President to Prime Minister, 7 Aug 44, Item 63c, Exec 10. (3)
Eisenhower, Crusade in Europe, pp. 281-84. (4) Churchill,
Triumph and Tragedy, pp- 71- 99-101.
28 Pogue, Supreme Command,
pp. 227-28.
29 Churchill, Triumph and Tragedy, p. 126. At least one American
general agreed with the Prime Minister's estimate. See Mark Clark,
Calculated Risk (New York, Harper & Brothers, 1950), pp. 367-72.
30 (1) Min, 165th mtg CCS, 14 Jun 44. (2) Min, 166th mtg CCS, 15
Jun 44.
31 (1) Memo, Arnold for Handy, 17 May 44, sub: Operations of U.S. Air
Units From Chinese Bases, OPD 381 TS 375. (2) SS 295, 19 May 44, same
title. ABC 381 SS Papers, Nos. 283-96 (7 Jan 4 3). (3) Msg, Stilwell to
JCS, 4 Jun 44, CM-IN 2827. (4) Msg, JCS to Stilwell, 6 Jun 44, CM-OUT
46820.
32 (1) Msg, Sultan to Marshall, 6 Jun 44, CM-IN 5097. (2) Msg,
Marshall to Stilwell, 7 Jun 44, CM-OUT
47970. (3) Msg, McNarney to Stilwell, 11 Jun 44, CM-OUT 48456. (4) Msg,
Arnold to Chennault, 19 Jun 44, CM-OUT 52838.
33 Msg, Marshall to Stilwell, 33 1 Jul 44,CM-OUT 59012.
34 (1) Msg, Stilwell to Marshall, 3 Jul 44, CM-IN 2088. (2) Memo,
JCS for President, 4 Jul 44, no sub, Item 57, Exec 10. Msg was sent 6 July
to Chiang.
35 (1) Memo, McFarland for Marshall, 13 Jul 44. no sub, OPD 384
TS, 47. (3) Memo, CofS for Leahy, 13 Jul 44, no sub, Item 64, Exec 10. (3)
Msg, Marshall to Stilwell, 3 Aug 44, CM-OUT 75342.
36 (1) Memo, Somervell for CofS, 15 Jul 44, sub: Assam Line of
Communications Operations, CCASF files CofS USA (2) 1941-42 and 1944.
(2) Romanus and Sunderland,
Stilwell's Command Problems,
chart, p.112.
37 (1) JCS 959, 15 Jul 44, title: Strategy in China-Burma-India.
(2) SS 282/13, 28 Jul 44, title: Loss of East China Air Bases, ABC 381 SS
Papers, Nos. 282-282/19 (7 Jan 45). (5) Msg, Sultan to Handy, 3 Aug
44, CM-IN 2567. (4) JCS 940/2. 14 Aug 44, title: Augmentation of
Indo-China Div, ATC. (5) Msg, JCS to Stilwell, 26 Aug 44, CM-OUT
87086.
38 For a full account of the episode, see Romanus and Sunderland,
Stilwell's Command Problems, Chs. , XII.
39 Mountbatten Report, p. 64.
40
(1) Msg, Sultan to Marshall, 22 Jul 44, CM-IN 19066. (2) Mountbatten
Retort, p. 75.
41 (1) Msg, Stratemeyer to Arnold, 23 Jul 44, CM-IN 19068. (2) JIC
204/1, 8 Aug 44, title: Japanese Reactions to Proposed
Operations in Burma. (3) OPD brief, title: Notes . . . JPS 161st mtg, 9
Aug 44, Plans for Operations in Burma, filed with JPS 406/18 ABC 384 Burma
(8-25-42), 7.
42 Leahy, I Was There, p. 256.
43 CCS 452/21, 31 Aug 44, title: Plans for Operations
in Burma.
44 (1) Msg, Marshall to Sultan, 3 Aug 44, CM-OUT
75320. (2) Memo, Marshall for Dill, 22 Sep 44. no sub, filed with SS 227
in ABC 381 SS Papers, Nos. 214-27 (7 Jan 43).
45 Memo, Roberts for Barker, 10 Aug 44, sub: Movement of Tenth Air
Force, filed with JCS 774/3 in ABC Burma (8-25-42), 8.
46 Memo, Billo for Chief S&P Gp OPD, 31 Aug 44, no sub, filed with SS
301 in ABC 381 SS Papers, Nos. 297-313 (7 Jan 43). See also msg, Stilwell
to Marshall, 25 Aug 44, CM-IN 24751 for a similar thought.
47 (1) JCS 713/6, 29 May 44, title: Future Operations
in the Pacific. (2) Min, 165th mtg CCS, 14 Jun 44.
48 Msg, JCS to CINCPAC and CINCSWPA, y Jun
44, CM-OUT 50007.
49 JPS 404/5, 23 Jun 44, title: Future Operations in the Pacific.
50 Msg, MacArthur to JCS, 18 Jun 44, CM-IN 15058.
51 JPS 4045, 23 Jun 44 title: Future Operations in the Pacific.
52 King and Whitehill, Fleet Admiral King, p. 533.
53 Msg, Marshall to MacArthur, 24 Jan 44, CM-OUT
55718.
54 JPS 404/7, 11 Jul 44, title: Future Operations in the Pacific.
55 Msg, Nimitz to King, 4 Jul 44, CM-IN 2926.
56 Msg, MacArthur to Marshall, 8 Jul 44, CM-IN 6202.
57 (1) JPS 404/8, 20 Jul 44, title: Future Operations
in the Pacific. (2) Craven and Cate, AAF V, 281.
58 (1) Msg, Nimitz to King, 4 Jul 44, CM-IN 2926. (2) Memo, Handy for CofS,
19 Jul
44, sub: Pacific Strategy, filed with JCS Memo for Info 270
in ABC 384 Pacific (1-17-43), 4.
59 Memo, Roberts for Handy, 24 Jul
44, sub: Gen MacArthur's CM-IN 19231,
filed with JCS Memo for Info 270 in ABC 384 Pacific (1-17-43), 4.
60 Leahy, I Was There, pp- 250-51. It is difficult to reconcile Leahy's statement that "MacArthur and
Nimitz were now in agreement . . . that Japan could be forced to accept
our terms of surrender by the use of sea and air power without
an invasion of the Japanese homeland" with a teleconference report of 7
August 1944 between General Handy, et al., in Washington and Generals
Giles, Hull, et al. in .Australia, in which it was stated (apparently by
Hull) "General MacArthur feels that the greatest time saver would be to bypass
Formosa after the seizure of Luzon, and go on to Kyushu . . . ." See tel
conf, between Washington and Brisbane, 7 Aug 44, in Item 1c, Exec 2. For other accounts of the conference, see: (1) msg, MacArthur to Marshall,
1 Aug
44, CM-IN 496; (2) ltr, Richardson
to Marshall, 1 Aug 44, no sub, Item 55, Exec 10; and (1) memo, unsigned,
for Ritchie, 28 Jul 44, sub: Notes for SOWESPAC Conf, filed with JCS Memo
for Info 270 in ABC 384 Pacific
(1-17-43). 4. For a discussion of the misconceptions arising from secondary accounts of the conference, see Robert
Ross Smith, Triumph in the Philippines, a volume in preparation for series
UNITED STATES .ARMY IN WORLD WAR II, Ch. 1. Since there were no official
minutes of the meetings, memory and brief notes by the participants
are the main sources of information on the conference.
61 Notes for discussion with Geri Marshall, no addressee, no date. (2)
Notes on Conf, Aug 7, at GHQ SWPA, 7 Aug 44. Both filed with JCS 924/2
in ABC 384 Pacific (1-17-43), 5.
62 Tel conv between Handy, et al, in Washington and Giles,
Hull, et al, in Brisbane, 7Aug 44, Item 1c, Exec 2.
63 Msg, CINCPAC to COMINCH, 9 Jun
44, CM-IN
19036.
64 (1) Msg, MacArthur to AGWR, 30 Jun 44, CM-IN 24607 (2) Memo,
Ritchie for Bessell, 30 ,June 44, no sub, filed with CPS 120/6 in ABC 381
Japan (1 Jan 44). (3) Msg, Marshall to MacArthur, 1 Jul 44, CM-OUT 59609.
65 Msg. CINCPAC to Radio Washington, 24 Jul 44, CM-IN 20244.
66 JLC 31/1, 8 Aug
44, title: Logistical Support, Pacific Campaign,
1941 and Beyond, Incl A.
67 Msg, Richardson to WD, 10 Aug 44, CM-IN 8926.
68
(1) Msg, CINCPAC to COMINCH, 18 Aug 44, CM-IN 16755. (2) Memo, King
for Marshall, 18 Aug 44, sub: Future Operations in the Pacific, Item 68,
Exec 10. (3) Memo, Hull for Handy and Roberts, 2 Sep 44, sub: Pacific
Strategy, filed with JWPC 186/24/D in ABC 384 Pacific (1-17-43), 5. (4)
Memo, Billo for Chief S&P Gp OPD, 5 Sep 44, sub: Pacific Strategy, filed
with JWPC 186/24/D, in ABC 384 Pacific (1-17-43), 5.
69 (1) Tel conv between Cooke and Sherman, 22 Aug 44, Item
1c, Exec 2. Tel conv between Hull and Sutherland, 26 Aug 44,Item 1c, Exec 2.
70 (1) OPD brief, title: Notes...164th mtg JPS, 23 Aug 44, sub: Future Operations in the
Pacific, filed with JIC 187/D in .ABC 384 Formosa (8 Sep 43), 1-D. (2)
Memo, Roberts for CG AAF, 23 Aug 44, sub: Operations of VLR Bombers in the
Pacific. (3) Memo, Lindsay for Roberts, 7 Sep 44, same sub. Last two filed
with JWPC 248/1/D in ABC 3845; Japan (9 Nov 43), 1-B.
71
Msg, MacArthur to CofS, 27 Aug 44, CM-IN 24770.
72 Min, 171st mtg JCS, 1 Sep 44.
73 Memo, Roberts for Asst Secy WDGS, 3
Sep 44. sub: Future Operations in the Pacific (JCS 713/9), filed with JCS
713/9 in ABC 384 Formosa (8 Sep 43), 1,D.
74 (1) Memo, Hull for Handy
and Roberts, 2 Sep 44, sub: Pacific Strategy, and memo, J. J. B. [Billo]
for Chief S&P Gp OPD, , Sep 44, sub: Pacific Strategy, both filed with JPS
404/12 in ABC 384 Pacific (1-17-43). (2) Min, 172d mtg JCS, 5 Sep 44. (3)
Memo, Handy for CofS, 5 Sep 44, sub: Operations in the Western Pacific, Item
1c, Exec 2. (4) Memo, Col Hugh C. Johnson for Gen Roberts, Sep 44, sub: Estimated Troop Availability for CAUSEWAY, filed with JCS
713/9 in ABC 384 Formosa (8 Sep 43), 1-D.
75 (1) JCS 713/9, 2 Sep 44, title: Future Operations
in the Pacific. (2) JCS 713/14. 7 Sep 44, title: Proposed Dir to CINCSWPA
and CINCPOA. (3) Min, 173d mtg JCS, 8 Sep 44.
76 CCS 417, 2 Dec 43, title: Over-all Plan for the Defeat of Japan.
77 (1) JCS 924, 30 Jun 44, title: Operations Against Japan Subsequent
to Formosa. (2) JWPC 247, 5 Jul 44, title: Conf on Future Operations in
the Pacific. (3) Leahy, I Was There, pp. 245, 259.
78 GCS 417/3, 11 Jul 44, title: Over-all Objective in the War Against
Japan.
79 (1) CCS 417/4, 29 Jul 44, title: Over-all Objective in the War
Against Japan. (2) CCS 417/5,4 Aug 44, same title.
80 (1) JCS 924/2, 30 Aug 44, title: Operations Against Japan
Subsequent to Formosa. (2) Marshall for Embick, 1 Sep 44, no sub, WDCSA 381
TS.
81 (1) Memo, Embick for Marshall, 2 Sep 44, no sub, filed with JPS
404/12 in ABC 384 Pacific (1-17-43),
5. (2) JCS 713/14, 7 Sep 44, title: Proposed Dir to CINCSWPA and CINCPOA.
82 Min, 172d mtg JCS, 5 Sep 44.
83 CCS 643/1, 9 Sep 44, title: Estimate
of the Enemy Situation, Pacific-Far East.
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