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Chapter XVI, Corps of Engineers: The War Against Germany 1 Unless otherwise noted the following is based chiefly on Ruppenthal, Logistical Support of the Armies, Volume 1, pp. 389-426; Operation Rpt NEPTUNE; and Morison, The Invasion of France and Germany, p. 162. 2 The Adm and Log Hist of the ETO, vol. VI, "Neptune: Training for Mounting the Operation, and Artificial Ports," pp. 68-71. 3 Hist 38th Engr GS Rgt, 1944. 4 Bradley, A Soldier's Story, p. 289; Operation Rpt NEPTUNE, pp. 12,144; Alfred Stanford, Force Mulberry (New York: William Morrow, 1951), pp. 139,171. 5 Unless otherwise cited, this section on the small ports
is based on: Ruppenthal, Logistical Support of the Armies,
Volume I, pp. 62, 288-90, 310, 463-65, and Volume II, pp.
61-62; Operation Rpt NEPTUNE, pp. 159-62,166-69. 6 Interv, Capt Andrew F. Klase, 1 Jul 44, Adm 493 B, Minor Ports, ETOUSA Hist Sect; Hists, 342d Engr GS Rgt, 15 Apr 42-31 Dec 45 and 358th Engr GS Rgt, 6 Jan 43-30 Jun 45. 7 Klase interv. 8 Interv, Capt Howard E. Bierkan, HQ 11th Port, 1 Jul 44, Adm 493 B, Minor Ports, ETOUSA Hist Sect; Hists, 342d Engr GS Rgt, 15 Apr 42-31 Dec 45, and 358th Engr GS Rgt, 6 Jan 43 - 30 Jun 45. 9 History of the ADSEC Engineer Section, 7 Sep 44-30 Jun 45,
pp. 46- 47; Bykofsky and Larson, The Transportation Corps: Operations
Overseas, p. 238. 10 Ltr, HQ, ASCZ, to CG, ASCZ, 17 Jul 44, sub: Recommendations for Minor Ports; Ltr, IRS, ADSG, to ADSEC, 26 Jul 44; Condition Rpts, Project P-4 St. Vaast, 27 Sep 44, and 2d Project P-3 Barfleur; all in ADSEC Engr Sect, file Port Hist St. Vaast. 11 Hist 358th Engr GS Rgt, 6 Jan 43-30 Jun 45; Completion
Rpt, Engr Sect, ASCZ, Project P-3 Barfleur, ADSEC, Engr Sect, file
Port Hist St. Vaast; History of the ADSEC Engineer Section, p. 47. 12 See ch. XIII; Robert W. Coakley, The Administrative and Logistical History of the European Theater of Operations, vol. II, "Organization and Command in the European Theater of Operations," p. 139, in CMH. General Vaughan, the former commander of FECOMZ, had been reassigned commander of the United Kingdom Base Section on 26 June 1944. 13 Bradley, A Soldier's Story, p. 305; The Adm
and Log Hist of the ETO, vol. II, "Organization and Command in the
European Theater of Operations," pp. 4-46. 14 Ruppenthal, Logistical Support of the Armies, Volume I, pp. 434-36; ETO Gen Bd Rpt 127, Organization and Functions of the Communications Zone, ch. 4, pp. 32-38; Moore, Final Report, p. 326. 15 Moore, Final Report, app. 1-K-1. 16 Ruppenthal, Logistical Support of the Armies. Volume
II, pp. 26-38. 17 See ch. XX. 18 Port of Cherbourg, Rpt, 1056th Engr Port Construction and Repair Gp; Rpt, Cherbourg Port Reconstruction, OCE ETOUSA, 1944, p. 13; Maj. Gen. James B. Cress, "Reconstruction of Cherbourg," The Military Engineer, XLIV, no. 300 (July-August 1952), 248. Unless otherwise noted, this section is based on these three sources, and on MS, Cherbourg-Gateway to France: Rehabilitation and Operation of the First Major Port, Hist Sect, ETOUSA, 1945. See also: Ruppenthal, Logistical Support of the Armies, Volume II, pp. 62-89, and the histories of the units mentioned. 19 Ltr, Col E. C. Itschner, Engr, ASCZ, to CE, ETOUSA, 5 Jul
44, sub: Port and Port Area Rehabilitation Plan: CHERBOURG, Notes
on Port of Cherbourg. 20 Ibid., Incl 6, sub: Cherbourg, Estimated Port Capacity Based on Reconstruction Plan, 8 Jul 44. 21 1st Lt S. T. Holden, Asst S-3, Pertinent Information on
the 333d Mine & Booby Trap Team, 20 Sep 44, in booklet, Port of
Cherbourg, Rpt of Demolition and Reconstruction, 333d Engr SS Rgt. 22 For the conversion and equipping of such ships sent to the ETO, and crew recruitment and training, see Coll, Keith, and Rosenthal, The Corps of Engineers: Troops and Equipment, pp. 339-411. The ship was named in honor of an enlisted man whose heroic action at Finschhafen, Southwest Pacific Area, had earned him posthumously, the first Medal of Honor awarded an Army engineer during World War II. 23 Cherbourg Port Reconstruction, p. 42. A similar engineer
port repair ship came into Cherbourg on 20 August and remained there
under the 1056th Port Construction and Repair Group. 24 OCE ETOUSA Mouthy Rpt 17, Aug 44, dated 15 Sep 44; OCE ETOUSA Hist Rpt 11, Port Reconstruction and Repair (United Kingdom), 1946, Liaison Sect, Intel Div. ETOUSA Adm file 547. 25 ETO Gen Bd Rpt 123, Military Railway Service, p. 27. 26 OCE ETOUSA Hist Rpt 13, Petroleum, Oil, and Lubricants (United Kingdom), 1946, pp. 67-80 and fig. 2, Liaison Sect, Intel Div, ETOUSA Adm file 547. 27 Ruppenthal, Logistical Support of the Armies, Volume
II, pp. 89-93; T/5 Robert L. Davis, The Administrative and Logistical
History of the European Theater of Operations, vol. VII, "Opening
and Operating Continental Ports," pp. 66-67, in CMH; Mai Charles K.
McDerot and 1st Lt Adolph P. Gratiot, Bringing Supplies into the Theater,
vol. I, p. 40, Hist G-4, C0MZ, ETOUSA, in CMH. Histories of the units
mentioned. Unless otherwise cited, this section is taken from these
sources. 28 Ltr, Col John R. Hardin to Maj Gen R. W. Crawford, 10 Oct
47, Incl to Ltr, Maj Gen R. W. Crawford to Mai R. G. Ruppenthal, 31
Oct 47, sub: Questions on the Logistics of the War in the European
Theater. 29 OCE ETOUSA Hist Rpt 11, Port Reconstruction and Repair; OCE ETOUSA Monthly Rpt 19, Sep 44, and 21, Dec 44. 30 Ruppenthal, Logistical Support of the Armies, Volume II, pp. 96-103, 167; The Adm and Log Hist of the ETO, vol. VII, "Opening and Operating Continental Ports," pp. 34-36, 88-97; History of the Channel Base Section, Aug 44-Jun 45, vol. I, Adm 588, ETOUSA Hist Sect; Hist Rpt, Transportation Corps in the European Theater of Operations, Oct-Dec 44, vol. V, pt. 1, Adm 582, ETOUSA Hist Sect. Histories of Units mentioned. 31 Ltr, Maj Gen C. R. Moore to Brig Gen L. D. Worsham, 18 Apr 45, Incl 2, Project Description of Bailey Bridge Connection Floating Wharf to Shore, Le Havre, Nov 44, 312 Gen Moore, EUCOM Engr files. 32 Bykofsky and Larson, The Transportation Corps: Operations
Overseas, p. 318. 33 Moore, Final Report, p. 275. 34 Bykofsky and Larson, The Transportation Corps Operations Overseas, p. 318. 35 Ltr, Moore to Worsham, 4 May 45; Moore, Final Report,
pp. 272, 404-05. 36 OCE ETOUSA Hist Rpt 11, Port Reconstruction and Repair,
app. 22. 37 Ruppenthal, Logistical Support of the Armies, Volume II, pp. 105-10; The Adm and Log Hist of the ETO, vol. VII, "Opening and Operating Continental Ports," p. 169; Hist Rpt, Transportation Corps in the European Theater of Operations, vols. V and V1, Adm 582, ETOUSA Hist Sect; OCE ETOUSA Hist Rpt 11, Port Reconstruction and Repair, pp. 48-49, 83-90, and apps. 24, 28. Histories of the units mentioned. Unless otherwise cited, this section is based on these sources. 38 Ltr, Lt Col Floyd E. Gidinsky to CG, COW, ETOUSA, 11 Nov
44, sub: Status Report-Port of Antwerp, and 1st Ind. 800 Antwerp,
EUCOM Engr files. 39 Hist 358th Engr GS Rgt, 1944. 40 Moore, Final Report, p. 278. 41 Ltr, Lt Col Carl H. Irwin to CO, Channel Base Sect, COMZ,
3 Dec 44, sub: Report of Reconnaissance Port of Ghent; OCE
ETOUSA Hist Rpt 11, Port Reconstruction and Repair, app. 28. 42 Hist 1080th Engr Dredge Crew, 22 Nov 43-25 Nov 45. |