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Chapter III, The Signal Corps:The Outcome 1 Thompson, Harris, et al., The Test, pp. 491-93. 2 For a detailed discussion of command problems, organization, and planning in ETO, see Roland G. Ruppenthal, Logistical Support of the Armies, Volume I, UNITED STATES ARMY IN WORLD WAR II (Washington, 1953), Chapter V. 3 Thompson, Harris, et al., The Test, pp. 339-40, 343-44. 4 Ruppenthal, Logistical Support of the Armies, I,50. 5 Sig Sv, Hq ETOUSA, Hist Rpt, OCSigO, vol. I, Activation to D-day, pp. 13-2o, Admin 574. The document cited, together with Signal Service, Headquarters ETOUSA, Historical Report, Office of the Chief Signal Officer, Volume 11, D-day to V-E Day, and separately bound Appendixes A and B to Volume 11 file Administrative No. 575-A (hereafter cited as ETOUSA Rpt, with volume and page numbers noted) comprise the basic records on which much of the material in the chapters recounting Signal Corps operations in the ETO is based. 6 ETOUSA Rpt, 1, 15-19. 7 Organization of Theater Signal Personnel in ETO, Tab B, Memo, Col Murray D. Harris, ExecO OCSigO Hq ETOUSA, for Code, 5 Mar 45, sub: Orgn of Hq ETOUSA and Responsibilities of the CSigO. SigC -370.2 ETO (app. D) 1942-45, SigC Central files. 8 (1) Ibid. (2) Ruppenthal, Logistical Support of the Armies, I, 201. 9 ETOUSA Rpt, 1, 4-5. 10 Thompson, Harris, et al., The Test, p. 339 11 (1) Hq ETOUSA GO 1g, 20 Jul 42, sec. I, Organization of Hq ETOUSA and Hq SOS ETOUSA. (2) ETOUSA Rpt, I, 21. 12 Hq ETOUSA GO 16, 21 Mar 43. 13 Sig Sv ETOUSA, Historical Report of Personnel, Signal Service SOS-ETOUSA, Jul 42-Jun 43, p. 41. Admin 301. 14 (1) Ibid., pp. 14, 30, 53. (2) ETOUSA Rpt, I, 21. 15 Hq ETOUSA GO 5, 17 Jan 44. 16 (1) ETOUSA CSigO Off Memo 282, sub: Orgn of OCSigO, COMZ, 18 Dec 44. SCIA file European Theater folder 6. (2) Orgn of Theater Sig Pets in ETO, Tab B, Memo, Harris for Code, 5 Mar 45. (3) Interv, SigC Hist Sec with Maj Gen William S. Rumbough, 6 Jul 56. 17 Ruppenthal, Logistical Support of the Armies, I, 170. 18 ETOUSA Rpt, I, 52-53. 19 For an account of the early days of ETOUSA, see 'Thompson, Harris, et al., The Test, pp. 312-14. 20 (1) Historical Record of the Construction of the Duke Street Signal Center, 1942. Admin 578. (2) Historical Record of the Construction of the Signal Center Operational Headquarters 1943 Admin 580. (3) Hq ETOUSA, History of the Signal Center, Feb 42-Jan 44. 314-7 History Sig Ctr ETOUSA, Feb 42-Jan 44. 21 (1) ETOUSA Rpt, I, 5. (2) Com Div, Monthly Activity Rpt (May 44). Admin 576. 22 ETOUSA Rpt, I, 6. 23 (1) Sig Sv ETOUSA Com Div, Monthly Activity Rpt Through Jul 44. Admin 576. (2) ETOUSA Rpt, I, 34-37 The 979th Motor Messenger Company was attached to the 81oth Signal Service Battalion, the first such unit activated, whose primary mission was to operate all static signal installations in the Communications Zone, ETO. Hq SOS ETO OCSigO, Current Info Ltr, I, No. 4 (Apr 44), 25. SigC Hist Sec file. 24 ETOUSA Rpt, 1, 6. 25 (1) ETOUSA Rpt, 1, 38. (2) See also account of SHAEF communications and radio relay installation below, pp. 87-88, 104ff. (3) MS Comment, Amory H. Waite, USASRDL, Jul 59. 26 ETOUSA Rpt, 1, 40-41. 27 Ibid., p. 62. 28 By April 1944, the Signal Supply Service at Cheltenham numbered 85 officers and warrant officers, 222 enlisted men, and 51 civilians. Ibid., p.40. 29 History of the Signal Corps in ETO, p. 22, draft copy. Working
file, 314.7 Mil Histories, vol. 2, Sig Sv, ETOUSA. 30 Ibid. 31 (1) Report of Signal Supply Service Survey, ETOUSA, 1943, Tab
9, List of SOS Depots ETO Which Have Sig Secs and Sig Depots, 2o Dec 43.
SigC AC 400.112 Sig Sup Survey of ETOUSA, 22 Sep -22: Dec 43. (2) ETOUSA
Rpt, I, 6o. (3) Sig Sup Div, Hq ETOUSA-SOS, 1st ed., Historical Summary
of Activities, 28 Jul 43. Admin 572. 32 Hist, SigC in ETO, p. 53. 33 Hist Summ of Activities, Sig Sup Div, Hq ETOUSA SOS, 28 Jul 43. 34 USFET Gen Bd Rpt, Study 110, Signal Supply, Repair, and Maintenance, p. 8. 35 Hist, SigC in ETO, p. 47. 36 AG Ltr, sub: Standard Procedure for Shipment of Equip and Sups to the U.K. AG 400.22 (16 May 43), OB-S-SPDD-M. 37 Interv, SigC Hist see with Rumbough, 20 Feb 45. 38 OCSigO Ser No. 48, Memo for Dirs of Staff Divs, Chiefs of Operating Svs, and Dir Off Sv Div, OCSigO, and CO's of Fld Activities, 26 Apr 45, sub: Sup of Newly Standardized Items to Overseas Comds. SigC OT 400 Sup Plan ETO. 39 USFET Gen Bd Rpt, Study 110, pp. 9-10. 40 ETOUSA Rpt, I, 45. 41 Incl 1, Ltr, Sig Off Hq ASC, Patterson Fld, Ohio, to CSigO, 22 Jul 43, with Rpt on Sig Sup Survey of ETOUSA, 2o Dec 43. SigC AC 400.112 Sig Sup Survey of ETOUSA, 22 Sep-2o Dec 43. 42 Memo, CSigO for CG ASF, 13 Aug 43, sub: Equip for Units Ordered to the U.K., and 1st Ind, CG ASF to CSigO, 17 Aug 43. SigC 475 Gen 2, Aug-Dec 43. 43 (1) Rpt, Sig Sup Sv Survey of ETOUSA, 20 Dec 43, pp. 28-29. (2) ETOUSA Rpt, I, 45 and 56. (3) Ltr, ACSigO to CG Patterson Fld, 8 Feb 44, sub: Equip for Units Ordered to the U.K. SigC EO Equip 44. 44 ETOUSA Rpt, I, 46. 45 WD Cir 220, 20 Sep 43. 46 Sig Sv ETO, History of the Plans Division, p.1. Admin 304. 47 Sig Sv ETO, Hist, Plans Div, app. C, Summ of SigC Projs. 48 ETOUSA Rpt, I, 82-94. 49 Log entry, 17 Jan 44, CSigO Diary. SigC 313 Rcds-Diaries, I, Sig Sv ETOUSA. 50 Log entries, 22 Jan, 25 Jan, 9 Apr, 16 Apr. 51 (1) Report of Signal Division, SHAFT, Opn OVERLORD (hereafter cited as OVERLORD Rpt), I, 2. (2) Brig Lionel H. Harris, Signal Venture (Aldershot, England: Gale & Polden, 1951), p. 179. 52 (1) Brig. Gen. Francis H. Lanahan, Jr., "Signal Planning for the Invasion," Signals, I, NO. 3, (January-February, 1947), 34. (2) Brig. Gen. Francis H. Lanahan, Jr., "Build-Up for Battle," Signals, I, No. 1 (September-October, 1946), 19-20. 53 OVERLORD Rpt, I, 6. 54 (1) CSigO, Annual Rpt, FY 44, pp. 102-03. (2) Interv, SigC Hist Sec with Col William D. Hamlin, Nov 44. SigC Hist Sec file. 55 (1) OVERLORD Rpt, It, an. B, p. 59. (2) Harris, Signal Venture, p. 244. (3) Interv, SigC Hist Sec with Hamlin. 56 Harris, Signal Venture, pp. 185-86. 57 OVERLORD Rpt, I, 6-7 58 Lanahan, ''Signal Planning for the Invasion," Signals, I, No. 3, 34. 59 OVERLORD Rpt, I, 6-13 60 Ibid. 61 Harris, Signal Venture, p. 182. 62 OVERLORD Rpt, I, 13 and app. B to NEPTUNE, Sig Instrs, pt. II, an. P. (2) Harris, Signal Venture, pp. 184-85. 63 Harris, Signal Venture, pp. 184-85 64 OVERLORD Rpt, I, 20. 65 OVERLORD Rpt, I, 21, and app. F to NEPTUNE, Sig Instrs, II, an. P. (2) Harris, Signal Venture pp. 184-85. 66 OVERLORD Rpt, I, 7, and II, 343-585. 67 Lanahan, "Build-Up for Battle," Signals, I, No. 1, 19-20. 68 USFET Gen Bd Rpt, Study 111, Signal Corps Operations, p. 1. 69 Ibid. 70 (1) USFET Gen Bd Rpt, Study 111, p. 2. (2) Harris, Signal Venture, pp. 187-88. (3) Maj. Gen. Francis H. Lanahan, Jr., "Radio for OVERLORD," Signals, I, NO. 4 (March-April, 1947), 49-50. (4) Lanahan, "Build-Up for Battle," Signals, I, No. 1, pp. 19-20. (5) Lanahan, "Signal Planning for the Invasion," Signals, I, No. 3, 32-36. 71 Harris, Signal Venture, pp. 187-88. 72 Lanahan, "Radio for OVERLORD," Signals, I, No. 4, 49-50. 73 MS Comment in Ltr, Lanahan to Thompson, SigC Hist Div, 31 Oct 57. SigC Hist Div file. 74 The whole occupies nearly two hundred pages in Operation OVERLORD Report, II, 157-342 75 (1) OVERLORD Rpt, I, 39, and 11, 221-29. (2) Harris, Signal Venture, pp. 190-91. 76 Lanahan, "Build-Up for Battle," Signals, 1, No. 1, 20. 77 (i) A.D.I. (K) Rpt No. 407/1945, G.A.F. Signals Intelligence
in the War, VI, The Breaking of Allied Cyphers in the West. SigC Hist
Sec file, German Sigs Intel. (2) Hist Div EuCom, Foreign Mil Studies Br,
Communication Project (MS # P038k), pp 67 and 108. OCMH files. 78 Figures in part from Roger W. Shugg and Maj. H. A. DeWeerd, World War II: A Concise History (Washington: The Infantry Journal Press, 1946), PP. 298-99. 79 (1) Harris, Signal Venture, pp. 177-78. (2) OVERLORD Rpt, III, 655-56. 80 Hq ETOUSA GO 74, 16 Oct 43, Activation of Headquarters First Army Group. 81 In April 1944, the Signal Section of FUSAG comprised 156 officers and men. Hist, Sig Sec 12th AGp, 19 Oct 43-12 May 45- 99/12-31.0 (31695) Hist, Sig Sec 12th AGp. 82 First U.S. Army, Report of Operations, 20 October 1943-1 August 1944, 7 vols. (Washington, 1945) (hereafter referred to as FUSA, Rpt of Opns, 20 Oct 43 -1 Aug 44). The Signal Section report is contained in Book VI, Annex 12. The second printed report of FUSA covers the period 1 August 1944 to 22 February 1945, and the Signal Section report is contained in Book III, Annex 8. 83 Ltr, Col Grant A. Williams (Ret.), to Thompson, SigC Hist Div,
24 Oct 57. SigC Hist Sec file. This letter is one of a series dated 14,
24, and 31 Oct 57, hereafter referred to as Ltr, Williams to Thompson,
with date cited. 84 (1) Rumbough, "Radio Relay," Military Review, XXVI, No. 2, 3. (2) MS Comment, Waite, USASRDL, Jul 49. 85 Ltr, Williams to Thompson, 24 Oct 57. Later in the campaign, as more antrac equipment became available, it was used from each First Army corps to at least three of the corps' divisions. 86 Colaguori was one of the engineers who had helped install the original radio relay Motorola police sets in North Africa. 87 (1) Tech Observers Amory H. Waite and Victor J. Colaguori, Report on the Combat Use of Radio Sets AN/TRC-1, 3, 4, and 8 in ETO, 1 May-11 October 1944, pp. 1-22 (hereafter cited as Waite-Colaguori Rpt) . SigC 370.2 Rpt on . . . , 1 May -11 Oct 44. (2) Interv, SigC Hist Sec with Waite, 17 Feb 45. SigC Hist Sec file. (3) Ltr, Rumbough, CSigO ETOUSA, to CSigO, 2 Jul 44, and Incl 1, Rpt, First Army VHF Cross Channel Circuit, 1 Jul 44. SigC' OP 370.2 Gen, 13 Jul-30 Dec 44 (Rpt folder 4). (4) ETOUSA Rpt, II, app. A (2), First Army Very High Frequency Cross Channel Circuit, PP- 7-13. (5) MS Comment, Waite, Jul 59. Waite and Colaguori exemplified the idea of the new equipment introductory detachment (NEID), whose need was becoming ever more pressing as new and newer equipment appeared in the theaters. A NEID of IIo officers and 140 enlisted men took form under the Engineering and Technical Service, OCSigO, and provided teams that traveled on temporary duty to the theaters of war both to introduce new equipment and to bring back reports upon its performance. CSigO, Annual Rpt, FY 45, p. 249. 88 Rumbough, "Radio Relay," Military Review, XXVI, No. 2, 3. 89 (1) ETOUSA Rpt, II, app. A(2), pp. 7-13. (2) Waite-Colaguori Rpt. (3) Ltr, Williams to Thompson, 24 Oct 47. (4) MS Comment, Waite, Jul 59. 90 Ltr, Williams to Thompson, 14 Oct 57 91 Log entries, 22, 24, and 25 Jan 44, CSigO Diary. SigC 313 Rcds-Diaries, I, Sig Sv ETOUSA. 92 The joint assault signal company provided shore party communications, shore fire control, and air liaison, requiring communications men well-trained, familiar with joint procedures and the complicated signal plan as well as with the organization and functions of both the landing force and the naval elements of the joint force. Lt. Col. Hubert D. Thomte, Staff Study Signal Communications for Beach Operations, Comd and Gen Staff College, Ft. Leavenworth, Kansas, 5 Apr 48. SigC OP Sig Com for Beach Opus, 1948. See also below, pp. 231ff. 93 FUSA, Rpt of Opns, 20 Oct 43-1 Aug 44, bk. VI, an. 12, pp. 13-14. 94 The EEIS team had the mission of discovering, assessing, and selecting items of enemy equipment to ship home for further study. Until mid-1943, the term EEIS meant Enemy Equipment Identification Service. (1) Maj. Franklin M. Davis, Jr., "Technical Intelligence and the Signal Corps," Signals, III, No. 6 (July-August, 1949), pp. 1926. (2) Capt Chester A. Hall, Jr., Signal Corps Technical Intelligence, A Brief History, 19401948 (1949), SCTC Monograph, Camp Gordon, Ga., pp. 8-24. SigC Hist Sec file. 95 Ltr, Williams to Thompson, 31 Oct 57 96 "Something Big Was On," Radar, No. 4 (August 20, 1944), pp. 2, 35. SigC Hist Sec file. 97 (1) Gordon A. Harrison, Cross-Channel Attack, UNITED
STATES ARMY IN WORLD WAR II (Washington, 1951), pp. 278-300. (2) UTAH
Beach to Cherbourg (6 June-27 June 1944), AMERICAN FORCES IN ACTION
(Washington, 1947) PP- 14-42. 98 For the story of Signal Corps development of the SCR-717 and other wartime radars and radio items of equipment, see Thompson, Harris, et al., The Test, Chapters III, VIII, and IX. 99 (1) Wesley Frank Craven and James Lea Cate, eds., "The Army Air Forces in World War II," vol. III, Europe: ARGUMENT to V-E Day (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1951), pp. 188-89. (2) UTAH Beach to Cherbourg, p. 14. (3) Report by the Supreme Commander to the Combined Chiefs of Staff on the Operations in Europe of the Allied Expeditionary Force, 6 June 1944-8 May 1945 (hereafter cited as SCAEF Rpt) , p. 23. 100 Craven and Cate, eds., Europe: ARGUMENT to V-E Day, p. 188. 101 FUSA, Rpt of Opns, 20 Oct 43-1 Aug 44, U. VI, an.12, p. 44. 102 Incl, Rpt, CSigO, ETOUSA, Use of Radar in the Invasion of the Cherbourg Peninsula, 13 Jun 44, with Ltr, Actg Dir Tech Ln Div OCSigO ETOUSA to CSigO, 14 Jun 44, sub: Rebecca-Eureka Equipment. SCIA file Misc, European Theater, N-R folder 1. 103 (1) FUSA, Rpt of Opns, so Oct 43-1 Aug 44, P. 119. (2) SCAEF Rpt, p. 23. 104 (1) Baxter, Scientists Against Time, p. 87(2) SCAEF Rpt, 6 Jun 44-8 May 45, p. 23. (3) Memo, Lt Col George F. Metcalf, Chief Electronics Div OCSigO, for Dir ARL, 3 Jul 44, sub: Visit to ETO. SCIA file European Theater folder 1-a. (4) Ltr, Maj Gen Robert W. Harper, ACofAS Tug, to CG I Troop Carrier C'omd Stout Fld Indianapolis, Ind., sub: Use of Radar in Assault on France. AAG 41344-AI Radar. (5) "Troops by Air," Radar, No. 3, pp. 24-29. (6) FUSA, Rpt of Opns, 20 Oct 43-1 Aug 44, bk. VI, an. 12, p. 44. (7) Rpt, CSigO ETOUSA, Use of Radar in the Invasion of the Cherbourg Peninsula, 13 Jun 44. 105 AAR, 101st Airborne Sig Co, Report Normandy, 6 June-12 July 1944. Opus Rpt 3101-SIG0.3. 106 These seven joined other soldiers and fought their way through enemy territory toward the assembly area near Hiesville. Five of them made it on D plus 5; 2 were lost. 107 (1) AAR, 101st Airborne Sig Co, Rpt Normandy. (2) Harrison, Cross-Channel Attack, pp. 283ff. 108 The SCR-499 was the air-transportable version of the remarkably successful SCR-299, a complete vehicular radio station for communication between corps and division. SCR-499 components could be packed in crates of various sizes for air transport. 109 AAR, Ioist Airborne Sig Co, Rpt Normandy, p. 2. 110 Diary, 82d Airborne Sig Co, NEPTUNE Operations, 6 June-15 July 1944. Opns Rpt 382-Sig-0.3 (20178) Master. 111 Electronics Warfare, A Report on Radar Countermeasures, released by the Jt Bd of Scientific Info Policy for OSRD, War and Navy Depts, revised 19 Oct 45 (Washington, 1945) (hereafter cited as Electronics Warfare) , p. 18. 112 E.g., AN/APQ-2, or Rug, which the Signal Corps had developed and produced for the Army Air Forces, was assigned in quantities to the Navy for use by the combined fleets in the invasion of the Continent, since it was "the only equipment available for use against the German Coastal Watch radars lining the European Coast." This set had first proved its value in mid-1948 during the invasion of Sicily. CSigO, Annual Rpt, FY 44, p. 322. 113 Rpt No. JM/14 (2), Report on Electronics Countermeasures in Operation OVERLORD (hereafter cited as Rpt JM/14 (2)), pt. II, RCM Policy, Plng and Orgn, 22 Jul 44, sec. II, par. (24). SCIA file. 114 (1) Ibid., sec. 3, par, 27, sec. 4, par. 30, and an. N, app. B. (2) CSigO, Annual Rpt, FY 44 p. 321. (3) Joseph Reither, The Use of Radio and Radar Equipment by the AAF, 1939-45, AAF Hist Monograph, p. 149 of photostat copy in SigC Hist See file. (4) "Jamming on D Day; How It Upset Jerry's Radar Front," Radar, No. 6 (November 15, 1944), pp. 10-11. SigC Hist Sec file. 115 (1) Electronics Warfare, p. 20. (2) Rpt No. JM/14 (2),
22 Jul 44, pt. II, sec. III, pars. 27 and 28, sec. 4, pars. 29 and 30;
also Rpt No. JM/14 (4), pt. IV, 12 Aug 44, sec. VII. (3) "Radar Countermeasures,"
The Engineer, CLXXX, No. 4691 (December 7, 1945), 460-61. 116 For an account of the over-all action on the invasion beaches, see Harrison, Cross-Channel Attack, especially Chapter VIII. 117 (1) FUSA Rpt of Opns, 20 Oct 43-1 Aug 44, bk. VI, an. 12, p. 16. (2) Col. Grant A. Williams, "First Army's ETO Signal Operations," Signals, II, No. 4 (March-April, 1948), 5-11. (3) OMAHA Beach. Folder No. 38, SigC Hist Sec file. (4) History of the 295th joint Assault Signal Company, 1944. SGCO-294-0.1 (16389) Master. (5) Hist Sec ETOUSA, Opn Rpt, NEPTUNE, OMAHA Beach, 26 February-26 June 1944, Provisional Engineer Special Brigade Group, pp. 289-320. 118 Williams, "First Army's ETO Signal Operations," Signals, II, No. 4, pp. 5-11. 119 (1) AAR, 1st Sig Co, Jun-Dec 44. 301-SIG-0.3 (4873) M. (2) Hist Rpt, 1st Sig Co, 1 Jun-30 Jun 44. OP 370.2 Rpt folder 4 Gen, 13 Jul-30 Dec 44. 120 FUSA, Sig Sv Hist Rcd, sec. V, p. 13. SCIA file European Theater folder 11-a. 121 Interv, SigC Hist Sec with Cauble, 5 Jan 45. SigC Hist Sec file. 122 The 50th Signal Battalion's overseas duty predated Pearl Harbor. It went to Iceland in September 1941 for two years, then moved to England late in 1943. 123 History of the 50th Signal Battalion, September 1941-May 1945. SG BN 50-0 (27904) 207.03. 124 Thirty-nine SCR-584's reached Normandy on D-day. "The SCR-584 Earns Its Keep," Radar, No. 5 (September 30, 1944), p. 3. 125 Col. E. Blair Garland, "Radar in ETO Air-Ground Operations," Signals, III, No. 4 (March April), 1949). p. 9. 126 Harold Berman, SCEL, "The SCR-584: A Hard Hitting Radar Set," Signals, 1, No. 2 (November-December, 1946), p. 41. For details of packaging these radars, see below, p. 424. 127 MS Comment, Williams, Jul 59. 128 CM-IN 3954-5, Jun 44, CG USASOS in British Isles to WD. SigC file, Hist of Proc of Beach Landing Public Address Systems AN/UIQ-1 DCSigO file. 129 For details, see below, p. 110. 130 (1) Harris, Signal Venture, p. 201. (2) Lanaban, "Radio for OVERLORD," Signals, I, No. 4, p. 52, and "Signal Planning for the Invasion," Signals, I, NO. 3, p. 36. 131 See above, p. 47 132 (1) FUSA, Rpt of Opns, 20 Oct 43-1 Aug 44, bk. VI, an. 12, p. 16. (2) First Army Signal Section Historical Record, ETO, sec. I, pp. 9-12. SCIA file European Theater folder 11-a. 133 (1) OVERLORD Rpt, III, 602, and chart, p. 655. (2) Harris, Signal Venture, pp. 202-05. (3) MS Comment, Waite, Jul 59. 134 (1) Waite-Colaguori Rpt. (2) MS Comment, Waite, Jul 59. 135 Ltr, Hessel to Marks, Camp Coles Sig Lab, 14 Jun 44. SigC
413.44, AN/TRC-i, 1943-45 (ET-2534). 136 MS Comment, Waite, Jul 59. 137(1) Ibid. (2) Waite-Colaguori Rpt, p. 29. 138 Ltr, Rumbough to CSigO, 2 Jul 44, sub: VHF Radio Com. SCIA
file 4 Rumbough Rpts folder 2. 139 (1) Ltr, 1st Lt Thomas H. Spencer, Comdg 2d Platoon (Sep) 280th Sig Pigeon Co, to SigO i2th AGp, 27 Jul 44, sub: Transmittal of Pigeon Rpt, and Incl, Use of Pigeons in the Invasion of France. SCIA file European Theater folder 1-a. (2) Pigeons on D-day, SigC Tech Info Ltr 43 (Jun 45), p. 17. 140 Lanahan, "Signal Planning for the Invasion," Signals, I, No. 3, p. 36. "Press communications" included communications for press copy, live and recorded voice broadcasts, still and motion pictures, and service messages concerning these matters. 141 Ltr, Lanahan to Col Roscoe C. Huggins, 31 Oct 57. 142 Lt Col James B. Smith, Communications for the Press (1950), Sig Sch Monograph. The Sig Sch Libr, Ft. Monmouth, p. 4. 143 Hq ETOUSA, GO 99. 144 (1) 12th AGp Report of Operations, XIV, 2686. (2) Smith, Com for the Press, p. 4. 145 12th AGp, Rpt of Opns, XIV, 27-28 146 (1) SHAEF, NEPTUNE, Sig Instrs, pt. I, sec. XIX, item 8, par. 2. (2) Smith, Corn for the Press, P- 5. 147 The SCR-399 actually did arrive two days before D-day. 148 Smith, Corn for the Press, p. 7 149 Ibid. 150 Ibid., p. 8. 151 For an informal account of the problems of the military with war correspondents in general, see Col. Barney Oldfield, Never A Shot in Anger (New York: Duell, Sloan and Pearce, 1956). 152 12th AGp, Rpt of Opus, XIV, 103. 153 Ibid., p. 47. 154 (1) Smith, Com for the Press, p. 12. (2) Oldfield, Never A Shot in Anger, p. 88. 155 Ltr, Williams to Huggins, 31 Oct 57. 156 (1) Ibid. (2) Incl 2, SHAEF, Sig Sec Staff Study, Press Communications, Oct 44, with Ltr, Lanahan, SigO SHAEF, to Ingles, CSigO, 8 Dec 44. SCIA file European Theater folder 6. 157 Incl 2, SHAEF, Staff Study, Press Cotn, Oct 44 158 12th AGp, Rpt of Opns, XIV, 103. 159 Ibid., p. 104. 160 (1) Opns Rpt, 165th Sig Photo Co, Sig Sv Hq ETOUSA. Admin 572-C. (2) Hq ETOUSA OCSigO, Current Info Ltr (Jul 44), pp. 36-39. SigC Hist Sec file. 161 Ibid. Capt. Wall was later awarded the Distinguished Service Cross. Hq ETOUSA OCSigO, Current Info Ltr (Sep 44), p. 30. 162 Hq ETOUSA OCSigO, Current Info Ltr (Sep 44), pp. 18-19. 163 Ibid., p. 20. 164 Ibid., pp. 21-22. |