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Contents |
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Chapter |
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Page |
1. |
THE U.S. ARMY AND THE NISEI BEFORE PEARL HARBOR |
3 |
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The Nisei Enter the U.S. Army, 1940-1941 |
3 |
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Japanese in American, 1885-1941 |
7 |
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The Military Intelligence Division Prepares for War with Japan, 1940-1941 |
15 |
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A "Master Stroke": Establishing a Japanese-Language School, April - October 1941 |
20 |
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The Office of Naval Intelligence Prepares for War with Japan, 1940-1941 |
28 |
2. |
FOURTH ARMY INTELLIGENCE SCHOOL, NOVEMBER 1941 - M AY 1942 |
33 |
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"Your Country Needs You" |
33 |
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"Now the Time Has Come To Prove Your Loyalty" |
40 |
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"Shikata Ga Nai," December 1941-May 1942 |
50 |
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Disasters at Home and Overseas, Spring 1942 |
59 |
3. |
MIS NISEI PIONEERS, MAY 1942 - FEBRUARY 1943 |
61 |
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Intelligence in Hawaii: Pearl Harbor to Midway |
63 |
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Intelligence in Alaska: Defending the Aleutian Islands |
65 |
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Intelligence in the South Pacific Area: The Guadalcanal Campaign |
66 |
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Intelligence in the Southwest Pacific area: The Allied Translator and Interpreter Section |
77 |
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Papua New Guinea, October 1942 - February 1943
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82 |
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War Department Decision to Form a Nisei Combat Unit |
85 |
4. |
CAMP SAVAGE, 1942-1943 |
91 |
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John F. Aiso as Technical Director |
98 |
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Recruiting Students, June - December 1942 |
102 |
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Teaching and Learning at Camp Savage |
108 |
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4. |
CAMP SAVAGE, 1942 - 1943 (Continued) |
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Forming Language Teams |
122 |
5. |
CAMP SAVAGE, 1943-1944 |
133 |
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Recruiting Students, 1943-1944 |
133 |
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Army Intensive Japanese Language School, University of Michigan, 1942-1944 |
147 |
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Navy Japanese Language School, University of Colorado at Boulder, 1942-1944 |
150 |
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Other Japanese-Language Programs, 1942-1944 |
152 |
6. |
MIS NISEI IN THE CAMPAIGNS OF 1943 |
165 |
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The Aleutians |
166 |
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South Pacific Area |
172 |
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Navajo Code Talkers |
177 |
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Southwest Pacific Area |
179 |
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Central Pacific Area |
190 |
7. |
MIS NISEI SERVING IN THE CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES, 1943 - 1945 |
195 |
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The Military Intelligence Division after Pearl Harbor |
198 |
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Pacific Order of Battle Section |
201 |
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Prisoner of War Interrogation |
203 |
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Psychological Warfare |
207 |
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Signals Intelligence |
214 |
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Pacific Military Intelligence Research Section |
218 |
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The Manhattan Project |
222 |
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Army Map Service |
224 |
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II Armored Corps Training Center |
224 |
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Preparing for Military Government |
225 |
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Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force |
228 |
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Military Intelligence Training Units |
229 |
8. |
MIS NISEI IN THE CAMPAIGNS OF 1944 |
235 |
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South Pacific Area |
236 |
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Southwest Pacific Area |
242 |
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x |
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8. |
MIS NISEI IN THE CAMPAIGNS OF 1944 (Continued) |
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Central Pacific Area |
258 |
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China-Burma-India Theater |
273 |
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Leyte |
291 |
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Frank Hachiya and the Hood River Incident |
296 |
9. |
FORT SNELLING, 1944-1945 |
299 |
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Spirit of the School |
300 |
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Recruiting Students |
304 |
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School Operations |
308 |
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Nisei in the Women's Army Corps |
316 |
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Graduate Assignments |
318 |
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Other Japanese-Language Programs |
322 |
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Training for the Invasion and Occupation |
326 |
10. |
MIS NISEI IN THE CAMPAIGNS OF 1945 |
331 |
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Liberation of the Philippines |
332 |
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India-Burma and China |
344 |
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Central Pacific |
349 |
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Okinawa |
355 |
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Army Air Forces |
369 |
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Preparing for Operation OLYMPIC |
372 |
11. |
MIS NISEI AND THE SURRENDER OF JAPAN, AUGUST - SEPTEMBER 1945 |
379 |
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The Japanese Surrender |
385 |
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Regional Surrenders |
395 |
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Southeast Asia |
396 |
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China |
398 |
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Central Pacific |
404 |
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Korea |
410 |
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The Philippines |
411 |
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xi |
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12. |
MIS NISEI AND THE EARLY OCCUPATION OF JAPAN, SEPTEMBER 1945 - FEBRUARY 1946 |
415 |
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Fort Snelling |
416 |
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Nisei Arrive in Japan |
426 |
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Counter Intelligence Corps, War Crimes Trials, and the Purge |
437 |
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Other Occupation Duties |
447 |
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EPILOGUE: MIS NISEI AND HISTORY |
457 |
BIBLIOGRAPHY |
463 |
INDEX |
491 |
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Tables |
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No. |
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1. |
Summary of Student Personnel for MISLS Academic Terms November 1941-February 1944 |
104 |
2. |
Summary of Student Personnel for MISLS Academic Terms August 1944-March 1946 |
306 |
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Charts |
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1. |
Disposition of Enlisted Nisei MISLS Graduates, 1942-1944 |
124 |
2. |
Disposition of Enlisted Nisei MISLS Graduates, 1942-1945 |
321 |
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Maps |
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1. |
Western Defense Command, 1941 |
22 |
2. |
South and Southwest Pacific Areas, Operations, May 1942-February 1943 |
67 |
3. |
War Relocation Centers, 1942-1946 |
92 |
4. |
Japanese-Language Training Programs, 1942-1945 |
154 |
5. |
The Aleutians, Operations, 1942-1943 |
167 |
6. |
South and Southwest Pacific Areas, Operations, 1943 |
173 |
7. |
Military Intelligence Service, Nisei Linguist Locations, 1942-1945 |
196 |
8. |
South and Southwest Pacific Areas, Operations, November 1943-December 1944 |
239 |
9. |
Central Pacific Area, Operations, 1944 |
259 |
10. |
China-Burma-India, Area of Operations, 1944-1945 |
274 |
11. |
Burma, Operations, 1944-1945 |
277 |
12. |
The Philippines, Operations, 1945 |
333 |
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xii |
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13. |
Central and Southwest Pacific Areas, Operations, January-August 1945 |
351 |
14. |
Ryukyu Islands, Operations, March-June 1945 |
356 |
15. |
Japanese Forces, Pacific Theater, August-September 1945 |
388 |
16. |
Occupied Japan, U.S. Unit Locations, January 1946 |
433 |
17. |
Occupied Japan, Principal Reception Centers, 30 September 1945-31 December 1948 |
449 |
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Illustrations |
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John F. Aiso |
10 |
John Weckerling |
13 |
Kai E. Rasmussen |
24 |
Three instructors at Crissy Field |
36 |
Classroom at Crissy Field |
38 |
Nisei students in Chinatown |
39 |
Attack on Pearl Harbor |
41 |
Newspapers announcing ouster of Japanese Americans |
46 |
Nisei soldier and his mother |
57 |
Making a broadcast to urge Japanese soldiers to surrender |
72 |
G-2 Section, XIV Corps |
75 |
Interrogating a Japanese prisoner, Papua New Guinea |
83 |
Camp Savage, Minnesota |
95 |
Nisei volunteering for Military Intelligence Service |
105 |
Teaching Japanese tactics at Camp Savage |
109 |
Temporary barracks at Camp Savage |
111 |
Harsh winter at Camp Savage |
111 |
Military Intelligence Service Language School emblem |
112 |
Barracks poker, Camp Savage |
113 |
Faculty at Camp Savage |
117 |
Top Class at Camp Savage |
118 |
Five Nisei soldiers who completed airborne training |
127 |
Two Nisei soldiers visiting relocation camp |
128 |
Nisei instructor and students, Ann Arbor, Michigan |
149 |
Interrogation |
168 |
Nisei soldier questioning Japanese prisoners |
169 |
Two Nisei on Kiska, Aleutian Islands |
171 |
Questioning a Japanese prisoner, Vella Lavella |
177 |
Students monitoring Japanese shortwave news broadcasts |
213 |
Nisei with the Army Signal Intelligence Service |
217 |
Recent graduates working in the translation pool |
219 |
Two Nisei demonstrating a Japanese machine gun |
232 |
Dye Ogata and teammates on Bouganville, South Pacific |
237 |
Allied Translator and Interpreter Section, Brisbane |
243 |
xiii |
Nisei with the 6th Radio Squadron Mobile in India |
249 |
Terry Mizutari and his team, New Guinea |
251 |
Harry Fukuhara with wounded prisoners |
253 |
Frank Hachiya |
263 |
Nisei interrogating Japanese prisoners, Saipan |
266 |
Hoichi Kubo comforting a child, Saipan |
267 |
Two Nisei with General Merrill after Battle of Nhpum Ga |
280 |
Nisei with captured Japanese flags, Burma |
290 |
Nisei color guard, Fort Snelling |
301 |
Colonel Rasmussen commissioning Aiso as a major |
303 |
Temporary barracks known as the Turkey Farm |
312 |
Women's Army Corps students at choir practice |
317 |
Graduates heading overseas |
319 |
Merrill's Marauders veterans with Rasmussen |
327 |
Henry Suzuki in Luzon |
334 |
Nisei helping question a Japanese soldier |
343 |
Three Nisei, Burma |
345 |
Questioning a prisoner, Iwo Jima |
353 |
Nisei language team with the marines, Iwo Jima |
354 |
Two Nisei questioning a Japanese sailor, Okinawa |
360 |
Nisei with a captured Japanese soldier, Aka Shima |
363 |
Wallace Amioka and American patrol |
364 |
Seiyu Higashi reunited with his father, Okinawa |
367 |
Allied Translator and Interpreter Section, Manila |
374 |
Nisei becoming second lieutenants |
385 |
General MacArthur meeting with the Japanese press corps |
393 |
Nisei assisting in the Japanese surrender, Bonin Islands |
407 |
Interrogating a senior Japanese officer |
408 |
Interpreting for Admiral Fletcher during surrender talks |
409 |
First women MISLS graduates deploying overseas |
421 |
Lt. Charles Tatsuda |
427 |
NYK building, Tokyo |
431 |
| A Nisei and parents after their return from a camp |
435 |
Nisei agents with the Counter Intelligence Corps |
439 |
Tad Ichinokuchi with General Yamashita, Manila |
441 |
Nisei sergeant interpreting at a war crimes tribunal, Japan |
443 |
War crimes trial, Kwajalein Atoll |
445 |
Questioning a Japanese shipmaster |
448 |
Japanese civilians working for the Civil Censorship Detachment |
453 |
Nisei with Japanese women at a dance, Tokyo |
455 |
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Illustrations courtesy of the following sources: cover, 83, 105, 169, 171, 177, 237, 253, 266, 280, 290, 343, 353, 360, 363, 364, 367, 374, 385, 393, 407, 408,
xiv
443, 455, National Archives; 10, 13, 38, 95, 109, 111 (top), 219, 263, 301, 303, 421, Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center; 24, 36, 39, 75, 112, 113, 117, 118, 213, 312, 317, 319, 327, 409, Military Intelligence Service Language School Album, 1946; 46, Library of Congress; 57, 128, 435, Bancroft Library, University of California at Berkeley; 111 (bottom), 127, Stone Ishimaru; 149, 431, Fordham University Press; 217, 249, 439, 445, Military Intelligence Service Veterans Club of Hawaii; 232, Fort Ord Panorama; 251, 345, Military Intelligence Service Association of Northern California/National Japanese American Historical Society; 243, Vantage Press; 261, 354, Pettigrew Enterprises; 334, Henry E. Suzuki Family; 427, Collier’s magazine; 441, National Japanese American Historical Society. All other illustrations from U.S. Army files. |
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