Order of Battle

 

By the summer of 1862 the armies of both sides were beginning to develop corps headquarters to control the divisions assigned to them. In June 1862 General Lee divided his army into "wings" under Jackson and Longstreet, respectively. These were organized formally into corps in November of that year. An informal corps organization had existed among the Federal forces since late 1861. These were formally designated in July 1862, but first were numbered sequentially within their respective field armies, causing some confusion. Many of the corps were still forming at the time of the Second Manassas Campaign, hence they were not much better structured or coordinated than their Southern counterparts. There were usually two or three divisions in each corps, sometimes more. Normally three, occasionally four, brigades composed a division. Four or five regiments were assigned to a brigade.

Various manpower practices, plus battle losses, make it extremely difficult to calculate strength accurately by unit designation alone. Volunteer infantry regiments were composed of ten companies, each authorized a maximum of 101 officers and men. With staff included, a full regiment would have numbered about 1,025 officers and men. Regular U.S. Army Infantry regiments were organized into three battalions of three companies each and Federal heavy artillery regiments converted to infantry had three four-company battalions. As a result, they were slightly larger than the volunteer regiments. Federal regiments at Second Manassas had an average strength of 300 men, while similar Confederate units averaged 200 men.

Artillery batteries on the Federal side generally were standardized with six M1857 12-pounder Napoleon pieces. There were about 100 men in a full strength Federal battery. Confederate batteries, on the other hand, ranged from six to two pieces and usually had various models of guns grouped together. This lack of uniformity was offset by a much better higher-level structure. Most Confederate artillery was grouped in battalions deployed under the orders of the wing commander. This arrangement allowed greater firepower to be brought to bear more responsively than on the Federal side. There, batteries were assigned to division, even brigade, levels, often operating independently once battle was joined. The Federals had 38 batteries with 182 guns at Second Manassas, while the Confederates had 184 guns grouped in 45 batteries.

The dissimilarities in centralization extended also to the cavalry. Confederate horse was organized in a single cavalry division, responsive to the needs of the army commander. It was used primarily to gather information. Federal practice assigned cavalry to corps and sometimes to as low as brigades. This deprived the army commander of any reconnaissance capability of his own. There was the probability, realized in the 1862 Campaign, that information would not get to him. This shortcoming was made worse by General Pope's philosophy of cavalry use. He caused his subordinates to push the cavalry mercilessly in deep raids and as hard-riding escorts and headquarters guards. Rarely was cavalry used by the Federals solely to obtain information. As a consequence, Pope frequently lost contact during critical changes, fatally hampering his planning. At the same time, the cavalry became so debilitated it could not be a factor when it was needed the most at the climax of the campaign.

Order of Battle
28-30 August 1862

Army of Virginia
Maj. Gen. John Pope, Commanding

I Corps, Army of Virginia (Maj. Gen. Franz Sigel)
1st Division (Brig. Gen. Robert C. Schenck)
1st Brigade (Brig. Gen. Julius H. Stahel)
27th Pennsylvania
8th New York
41st New York
45th New York
2d Brigade (Col. Nathaniel C. McLean)
25th Ohio
55th Ohio
73d Ohio
75th Ohio
2d Division (merged in the others)
3d Division (Brig. Gen. Carl Schutz)
1st Brigade (Col. Alexander Schimmelfennig)
61st Ohio
74th Pennsylvania
8th West Virginia
2d Brigade (Col. Wladimir Krzyzanowski)
54th New York
58th New York
75th Pennsylvania
3d Brigade (Col. John A. Koltes)
29th New York
68th New York
73d Pennsylvania
Independent Brigade (Brig. Gen. Robert H. Milroy)
2d West Virginia
3d West Virginia
5th West Virginia
1st West Virginia Cavalry
82d Ohio
Artillery of the I Corps, Army of Virginia
K, 1st Ohio Light (Haskin's)
2d New York Light (Schirmer's)
F, Pennsylvania Light (Hampton's)
L, 2d New York Light (Roemer's)
I, 1st Ohio Light (Dilger's)
12th Battery, Ohio Light (Johnson's)
I, 1st New York Light (Wiedrich's)
13th Battery, New York Light (Dieckmann's)
C, West Virginia Light (Hill's)

II Corps, Army of Virginia (Maj. Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks)
1st Division (Brig. Gen. Alpheus S. Williams)
1st Brigade (Brig. Gen. Samuel W. Crawford)
10th Maine
46th Pennsylvania
28th New York
5th Connecticut
2d Brigade (merged in the others)
3d Brigade (Brig. Gen. George H. Gordon)
2d Massachusetts
3d Wisconsin
27th Indiana
2d Division (Brig. Gen. George S. Greene)
1st Brigade (Col. Charles Candy)
5th Ohio
7th Ohio
29th Ohio
66th Ohio
28th Pennsylvania
2d Brigade (Col. M. Schlaudecker)
109th Pennsylvania
111th Pennsylvania
3d Maryland
102d New York
8th U.S. Infantry
12th U.S. Infantry
3d Brigade (Col. James A. Tait)
1st District of Columbia
78th New York
60th New York
Purnell Legion, Maryland
3d Delaware
Artillery of the II Corps, Army of Virginia
4th Battery, Maine Light (Robinson's)
6th Battery, Maine Light (McGilvery's)
M Battery, 1st New York Light (Cothran's)
10th Battery, New York Light (Bruen's)
E Battery, Pennsylvania Light (Knap's)
F Battery, 4th U.S. (Best's)

III Corps, Army of Virginia (Maj. Gen. Irvin McDowell)
1st Division (Brig. Gen. John P. Hatch vice Rufus King)
1st Brigade (Col. Timothy Sullivan vice John P. Hatch)
2d U.S. Sharpshooters
22d New York
24th New York
30th New York
84th New York
2d Brigade (Brig. Gen. Abner Doubleday)
56th Pennsylvania
76th New York
95th New York
3d Brigade (Brig. Gen. Marsena R. Patrick)
21st New York
23d New York
25th New York
80th New York
4th Brigade (Brig. Gen. John Gibbon)
2d Wisconsin
19th Indiana
6th Wisconsin
7th Wisconsin
2d Division (Brig. Gen. James B. Ricketts)
1st Brigade (Brig. Gen. Abram Duryee)
97th New York
104th New York
105th New York
107th New York
2d Brigade (Brig. Gen. Zealous B. Tower)
26th New York
94th New York
88th Pennsylvania
90th Pennsylvania
3d Brigade (Col. John W. Stiles)
11th Pennsylvania
83d New York
12th Massachusetts
13th Massachusetts
4th Brigade (Col. Joseph Thoburn)
1st West Virginia
84th Pennsylvania
110th Pennsylvania
7th Indiana
Pennsylvania Reserves (Brig. Gen. John F. Reynolds)
1st Brigade (Brig. Gen. George G. Meade)
1st Rifles
3d Infantry
4th Infantry
7th Infantry
8th Infantry
2d Brigade (Brig. Gen. Truman Seymour)
1st Infantry
2d Infantry
5th Infantry
6th Infantry
3d Brigade (Brig. Gen. Conrad E Jackson)
9th Infantry
10th Infantry
11th Infantry
12th Infantry
Artillery of the III Corps, Army of Virginia (Major Tellson, Chief of Artillery)
1st Battery, New Hampshire Light (Gerrish's)
D Battery, 1st Rhode Island Light (Monroe's)
B Battery, 4th U.S. (Campbell's)
C Battery, 5th U.S. (Ransom's)
2d Battery, Maine Light (Hall's)
5th Battery, Maine Light (Leppien's)
A Battery, Pennsylvania Light (Simpson's)
B Battery, Pennsylvania Light (Cooper's)
C Battery, Pennsylvania Light (Thompson's)
G Battery, Pennsylvania Light (Kerns')

Cavalry of the Army of Virginia
Cavalry of the I Corps
Buford's Brigade (Brig. Gen. John Buford)
1st Michigan
1st Vermont
1st West Virginia
Beardsley's Brigade (Brig. Gen. John Beardsley)
1st Connecticut Battalion
1st Maryland
4th New York
9th New York
6th Ohio
Cavalry of the III Corps
Bayard's Brigade (Brig. Gen. George D. Bayard)
1st New Jersey
1st Pennsylvania
1st Rhode Island
1st Maine
1st New York

III Corps, Army of the Potomac (Maj. Gen. Samuel P. Heintzelman)
1st Division (Maj. Gen. Philip Kearny)
1st Brigade (Brig. Gen. John C. Robinson)
20th Indiana
63d Pennsylvania
105th Pennsylvania
30th Ohio (6 companies)
2d Brigade (Brig. Gen. David D. Birney)
1st New York
38th New York
40th New York
101st New York
57th Pennsylvania
3d Maine
4th Maine
3d Brigade (Col. Orlando M. Poe)
37th New York
2d Michigan
3d Michigan
5th Michigan
99th Pennsylvania
2d Division (Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker)
1st Brigade (Brig. Gen. Cuvier Grover)
1st Massachusetts
11th Massachusetts
16th Massachusetts
2d New Hampshire
26th Pennsylvania
2d (or Excelsior) Brigade (Col. Nelson Taylor)
70th New York
71st New York
72d New York
73d New York
74th New York
3d Brigade (Col. Joseph B. Carr)
2d New York
5th New Jersey
6th New Jersey
7th New Jersey
8th New Jersey
115th Pennsylvania
Artillery of the III Corps, Army of the Potomac
K Battery, 1st U.S. (Graham's)
E Battery, 1st Rhode Island (Randolph's)
6th Battery, Maine Light (McGilvery's)

V Corps, Army of the Potomac (Maj. Gen. Fitz-John Porter)
1st Division (Maj. Gen. George W. Morell)
1st Brigade (Col. James Barnes)
2d Maine
18th Massachusetts
22d Massachusetts
13th New York
25th New York
1st Michigan
2d Brigade (Brig. Gen. Charles Griffin)
9th Massachusetts
32d Massachusetts
14th New York
62d Pennsylvania
4th Michigan
Sharpshooters
3d Brigade (Brig. Gen. Dan Butterfield)
12th New York
17th New York
44th New York
16th Michigan
83d Pennsylvania
1st U.S.
2d Division (Brig. Gen. George Sykes)
1st Brigade (Lt. Col. Robert C. Buchanan)
3d U.S. Infantry
4th U.S. Infantry
12th U.S. Infantry, 1st Battalion
14th U.S. Infantry, 1st Battalion
14th U.S. Infantry, 2d Battalion
2d Brigade (Lt. Col. William Chapman)
1st U.S. Infantry (Company G)
2d U.S. Infantry
6th U.S. Infantry
10th U.S. Infantry
11th U.S. Infantry
17th U.S. Infantry
3d Brigade (Col. Gouverneur K. Warren)
5th New York
10th New York
Piatt's Brigade (Brig. Gen. A. Sanders Piatt)
86th New York
63d Indiana
Artillery of the V Corps, Army of the Potomac
3d Massachusetts Battery (Martin's)
C Battery, 1st Rhode Island Light (Waterman's)
E and G Batteries, 1st U.S. (Randolph's)
D Battery, 5th U.S. (Hazlett's)
I Battery, 5th U.S. (Weed's)
K Battery, 5th U.S. (Smead's)

IX Corps, Army of the Potomac (Brig. Gen. Jesse L. Reno)
1st Division (Brig. Gen. Isaac I. Stevens)
1st Brigade (Col. Benjamin C. Christ)
8th Michigan
50th Pennsylvania
2d Brigade (Col. Daniel Leasure)
100th Pennsylvania
46th New York
3d Brigade (Col. Addison Farnsworth)
79th New York
28th Massachusetts
2d Division (Brig. Gen. Jesse L. Reno)
1st Brigade (Col. James Nagle)
48th Pennsylvania
2d Maryland
6th New Hampshire
2d Brigade (Col. Edward Ferrero)
51st New York
51st Pennsylvania
21st Massachusetts
Artillery of the IX Corps, Army of the Potomac
E Battery, 2d U.S. (Benjamin's)
D Battery, Pennsylvania Light (Durell's)

 

Army of Northern Virginia
General Robert E. Lee, Commanding

Right Wing (Lt. Gen. James Longstreet)
Infantry
Hood's (Evans') Division (Brig. Gen. Nathan G. Evans)
Hood's Brigade (Brig. Gen. John B. Hood)
1st Texas
4th Texas
5th Texas
18th Georgia
Hampton's Legion
Whiting's (or Law's) Brigade (Col. Evander M. Law)
4th Alabama
6th North Carolina
2d Mississippi
11th Mississippi
Evans' Brigade (Col. P. E Stevens)
17th South Carolina
18th South Carolina
22d South Carolina
23d South Carolina
Holcombe's Legion
Wilcox's Division (Brig. Gen. Cadmus M. Wilcox)
Wilcox's Brigade
8th Alabama
9th Alabama
10th Alabama
11th Alabama
Pryor's Brigade (Brig. Gen. Roger A. Pryor)
2d Florida
5th Florida
8th Florida
3d Virginia
14th Alabama
Featherston's Brigade (Brig. Gen. Winfield S. Featherston)
2d Mississippi
12th Mississippi
16th Mississippi
19th Mississippi
Kemper's Division (Brig. Gen. James L. Kemper)
Kemper's Brigade (Col. Montgomery D. Corse)
1st Virginia
7th Virginia
11th Virginia
17th Virginia
24th Virginia
Sharpshooters
Jenkins' Brigade (Brig. Gen. Micah Jenkins)
1st South Carolina
2d South Carolina

5th South Carolina
6th South Carolina
Palmetto
Pickett's Brigade (Col. Eppa Hunton)
8th Virginia
18th Virginia
19th Virginia
28th Virginia
56th Virginia
D. R. Jones' Division (Brig. Gen. David R. Jones)
Anderson's Brigade (Col. G. T. Anderson)
1st Georgia
7th Georgia
8th Georgia
9th Georgia
11th Georgia
Toomb's Brigade (Col. Henry L. Benning)
2d Georgia
15th Georgia
17th Georgia
20th Georgia
Drayton's Brigade (Brig. Gen. Thomas F. Drayton)
15th South Carolina
50th Georgia
51st Georgia
R. H. Anderson's Division (Maj. Gen. Richard H. Anderson)
Mahone's Brigade (Brig. Gen. William Mahone)
6th Virginia
12th Virginia
16th Virginia
41st Virginia
Wright's Brigade (Brig. Gen. A. R. Wright)
3d Georgia
22d Georgia
48th Georgia
44th Alabama
Armistead's Brigade (Brig. Gen. Lewis A. Armistead)
9th Virginia
14th Virginia
38th Virginia
53d Virginia
57th Virginia
5th Virginia Battalion
Artillery
Lee's Battalion (Col. Stephen D. Lee)
Bath Artillery, Virginia (Eubanks')
Portsmouth Artillery, Virginia (Oakham's)
Bedford Artillery, Virginia (Jordan's)
Parker's Battery, Virginia
Taylor's Battery, Virginia
Rhett's Battery, South Carolina
Washington Artillery Battalion, Louisiana (Maj. J. B. Walton)
1st Company (Squire's)
2d Company (Richardson's)
3d Company (Miller's)
4th Company (Eshleman's)
Division Batteries
Thomas Artillery, Virginia (Anderson's)
Dixie Artillery, Virginia (Chapman's)
German Artillery, South Carolina (Bachman's)
Palmetto Artillery, South Carolina (Garden's)
Moorman's Battery, Virginia
Loudon Artillery, Virginia (Rogers')
Rowan Artillery, North Carolina (Reilly's)
Macbeth Artillery, South Carolina (Boyer's)
Norfolk Artillery, Virginia (Huger's)
Goochland Artillery, Virginia (Turner's)
Donaldsonville Artillery, Louisiana
Fauquier Artillery, Virginia (Stribling's)

Left Wing (Maj. Gen. Thomas J. Jackson)
Ewell's Division (Brig. Gen. Alexander R. Lawton)
Early's Brigade (Brig. Gen. Jubal A. Early)
13th Virginia
25th Virginia
31st Virginia
44th Virginia
49th Virginia
52d Virginia
58th Virginia
Lawton's Brigade (Col. Marcellus Douglass)
13th Georgia
26th Georgia
31st Georgia
38th Georgia
60th Georgia
61st Georgia
Hay's Brigade (Col. Strong)
5th Louisiana
6th Louisiana
7th Louisiana
8th Louisiana
9th Louisiana
Trimble's Brigade (Capt. F Brown)
12th Georgia
21st Georgia
21st North Carolina
15th Alabama
1st North Carolina Battalion
Light Division (Maj. Gen. Ambrose P. Hill)
Branch's Brigade (Brig. Gen. Lawrence O'B. Branch)
7th North Carolina
18th North Carolina
28th North Carolina
33d North Carolina
37th North Carolina
Gregg's Brigade (Brig. Gen. Maxcy Gregg)
Orr's Rifles, South Carolina
1st South Carolina
12th South Carolina
13th South Carolina
14th South Carolina
Field's Brigade (Col. J. M. Brockenbrough)
22d Virginia Battalion
40th Virginia
47th Virginia
55th Virginia
Pender's Brigade (Brig. Gen. William D. Pender)
16th North Carolina
22d North Carolina
34th North Carolina
38th North Carolina
Archer's Brigade (Brig. Gen. James J. Archer)
1st Tennessee
7th Tennessee
14th Tennessee
19th Tennessee
5th Alabama
Thomas' Brigade (Col. Edward L. Thomas)
14th Georgia
35th Georgia
45th Georgia
49th Georgia
Jackson's Division (Brig. Gen. William E. Starke vice William Taliaferro)
"Stonewall" Brigade (Col. William S. H. Baylor)
2d Virginia
4th Virginia
5th Virginia
27th Virginia
33d Virginia
Campbell's (or J. R. Jones') Brigade (Col. Bradley T. Johnson)
1st Virginia Battalion
21st Virginia
42d Virginia
48th Virginia
Taliaferro's Brigade (Col. Alexander G. Taliaferro)
10th Virginia
23d Virginia
37th Virginia
47th Alabama
48th Alabama
Stafford's Brigade (Col. Leroy A. Stafford)
1st Louisiana
2d Louisiana
9th Louisiana
10th Louisiana
15th Louisiana
Coppen's Battalion
Cavalry (Maj. Gen. J. E. B. Stuart)
Robertson's Brigade (Brig. Gen. Beverly H. Robertson)
2d Virginia
6th Virginia
7th Virginia
12th Virginia
17th Virginia
Lee's Brigade (Brig. Gen. Fitzhugh Lee)
1st Virginia
3d Virginia
4th Virginia
5th Virginia
9th Virginia
Artillery
Jackson's Division (Maj. L. M. Shumaker)
Baltimore Artillery, Maryland (Brockenbrough's)
Allegheny Artillery, Virginia (Carpenter's)
Hampden Artillery, Virginia (Caskie's)
Winchester Battery, Virginia (Cutshaw's)
Rockbridge Artillery, Virginia (Poague's)
Lee Artillery, Virginia (Raines')
Rice's Battery, Virginia
Danville Artillery, Virginia (Wooding's)
Hill's Division (Lt. Col. Robert L. Walker)
Fredericksburg Artillery, Virginia (Braxton's)
Crenshaw's Battery, Virginia
Letcher Artillery, Virginia (Davidson's)
Middlesex Artillery, Virginia (Hardy's)
Purcell Artillery, Virginia (Pegram's)
Branch Artillery, North Carolina (Potts')
Pee Dee Artillery, South Carolina (Mclntosh's)
Ewell's Division
Louisiana Guard Artillery (D'Aquin's)
Chesapeake Artillery, Maryland (Brown's)
1st Maryland Battery (Dement's)
Johnson's Battery, Virginia
Courtney Artillery, Virginia (Latimer's)
Staunton Artillery, Virginia (Garber's)

Second Manassas Losses

Category Union Confederate

Total engaged

75,696

48,527

Killed

1,724

1,481

Wounded

8,372

7,627

Missing

5,958

89

Total losses

16,054 (21%)

9,197 (19%)