Endnotes for Chapter XVI

1 Msg, CG U.S. Forces in New Caledonia for WD (AGWAR OPD), 9 Apr 44, CM-IN 1811 (3 Apr 44) : Memo, Pacific Theater Sec, Theater Gp OPD for Brig Gen Carl A. Russell, 24 Apr 44, OPD Statistical' Data Concerning Negro Trps (Theater Gp File).

2 Min of Advisory Com, 2 Apr 43, ASW 291.2 NTC.

3 Monthly Strength of the Army, 31 Mar 43, AG 320,2 (3-31-43) OM-R; Memo, Trp Movmt Sec OPD for Gen Handy, 15 Oct 43, OPD 320.2 (8 Oct 43) .

4 Memo, Hq Air Corps Flying Tng Comd for CofAAF, 3 Feb 42. Not sent forward "as oral directive was received from Chief AAF," according to Memo, Lt Col Harry A. Johnson, Chief, Tng Sec, Tng and Opns Div AAF, for Lt Col Richard T. Comer, Jr., Ex0 to ASWA, 9 Feb 42, enclosing above Memo for information of ASWA Robert Lovett, ASWA 291.2.

5 Memo, Col Comer for ASW McCloy, 9 Mar 42, ASW 291.2 (3-6-42) 

6 Memo, African-Middle East Sec, Theater Group OPD for Gen Handy, 8 Dec 42, OPD 370.5 Liberia.

7 Memo, Secy Air Staff for ASW, 22 May 43, ASW 291.2 NT Alpha.

8 Time, XLII (September20, 19-49) , 66-68.

9 Ltr, Hq XII Air Support Comd to Gen Cannon, Deputy Comdr, Northwest African Tactical AF, 16 Sep 43, WDCSA 291.21.

10 Ibid.

11 1st Ind, Hq Northwest- African Tactical AF to Ltr cited n. 9.

12 2d Ind (complete), Hq Northwest African AF (Gen Spaatz) to Ltr cited n.9.

13 Memo, CofAS for CofS, attention ACofS G-3, 4 Oct 43, WDCSA 291.21.

14 Memo, ACofAS Tng for ACofAS Plans, 28 Sep 43, Tab B to Memo cited n. 13.

15 Ibid. The full-time white squadron consisted of officer and enlisted instructor personnel, activated as a separate squadron to avoid their assignment to the Negro units with which they worked. This squadron had no function except to hold white personnel training the 332d.

16 G-3 Brief, 8 Oct 43, WDGCT 291.2 (4 Oct 43).

17 Book Msgs to CG SPA, CINC SWPA, CG NATO, CG AMMISCA, 29 Sep 43, CM-OUT 13623, CM-OUT 13646, and CM-OUT 13647.

18 COMGENSOPAC to AGWAR, 2 Oct 43 (SOPAC 3162) .

19 Rear Echelon GHQ SW Pacific to WAR (signed MacArthur), 2 Oct 43, CM-IN 981.

20 Ferris to Marshall (New Delhi to AGWAR and Chungking), 6 Oct 43, CM-IN 3537

21 AFHQ Algiers to WAR (signed Eisenhower), 7 Oct 43, CM-IN 4335

22 CM-IN 3431 (5 Aug 43) . .Algiers to WAR (signed Eisenhower), Tab C to Memo, G-3 for CON, 8 Oct 43, WDGCT 291.21 (4 Oct 43).

23 Tab D to Memo, G-3 for CofS, 8 Oct 43 WDGCT 291.21 (4 Oct 43). The extract quoted by G-3 was: ". . . I don't know whether or not I told you this but Dewey's outfit held down the right flank of a certain division at Faid Pass, when a white organization ran through his lines to the rear, losing a lot of their equipment in the process. This should have panicked Dewey's men but they held together without exception. He has a total of only 4 casualties in his entire organization:1 killed, 3 woundedfrom strafing. I tell you this because I thought you might be interested in knowing how some of your men held up under fire when according to most psychological standards they should have been unnerved."This letter was written 16 May 1943; the unit referred to was the 907th Air Base Security Battalion, commanded by Lt. Col. Charles M. Dewey, a unit of the XII Air Service Command. The author of the letter later died of wounds received from a soldier of the 82d Airborne Division while he was investigating an act of discrimination against his men. Hist 909th AB Security Bn, Nov 43, AF archives.

24 Memo, G-3 for CofS, 8 Oct 43, WDGCT 291-21 (4 Oct 43).

25 Min, Advisory Com, 13 Oct 43, ASW 291.2 NT Com.

26 The fighter group had already been accepted by the theater in August (Eisenhower to WAR, 21 Aug 43, W 7886, CM-IN y15993) ; Memo, AAF for OPD, 17 Sep 43, and DF, OPD for AAF, 27 Sep 43, both in OPD 370.5 Africa (17 Sep 43).
 
27 Memo for Gen Smith (signed E. J. R.) , typed across top of OPD Memo for Gen Handy, 15 Oct 43, OPD 320.2 (8 Oct 43) photocopy on microreel 512/27 AFHQ G-3 Opus Div 59/4 on 106/F, AGO Records.

28 Min of Mtg of Certain Members of the Advisory Coin on Negro Trp Policies, 16 Oct 43, ASW 291.2 NT Coin.

29 Ibid.

30 Memo, OPD for CofS, 19 Oct 43, OPD 320.2 (8 Oct 43)

31 Handwritten notes on above, signed H. H. A. and C. K. G. (Col C. K. Gailey, Ex0 OPD).

32 Memo for Record, O.L.N. (Col Otto L. Nelson), Asst DCofS, 27 Oct 43, WDCSA 291.21 (8 Oct 43)

33 R&RS, CofAS for A-3, 11 Mar 43; R&RS, A-1 for A-3, 19 Mar 43; R&RS, Dir of Air Support for Dir Mil Rqmts, 17 Mar 43; R&RS, Dir of Bombardment for Dir of Mil Rqmts, 17 Mar 43, all in AAF 353-A Negro Tng; Memo, Actg Civ Aide to SW for ASWA, 1 May 43, ASWA 291.2; Memo, ACofAS Tng for Gen Giles, 10 May 43, AAF 380 Prog; Memo, R&RS, DCofAS for ACofAS Opns, Commitments, Rqmts, 10 May 43, with Staff Study for CG AAF, 10 Jun 43, and Approving Comment 10, AAF 353-A Negro Tng; Memo, ACofAS Tng, for ACofAS Pets, 6 Oct 43, AAF 373.1 Tactics and Techniques.

34 Ltrs, ACofAS Tng to CG AAF Tng Comd, 7 Aug 43, AAF 353 Cld Tug, Binder 1; Ltrs, ACofAS Tng to CG AAF Tng Comd, 18 Sep 43, 5 Oct 43, Jun 43-Aug 44, AAF 353-A Negro Tug.

35 Ltr, ACofAS Tng for CG AAF Tng Comd, 7 Aug 43, and Inds, AAF 353 Cld Tng, Binder 1.

36 Hist Tuskegee Army Air Field, 1 Jan 43-29 Feb 44, AF Archives.

37 This battery of 16 tests-12 paper and pencil and .I with apparatus-predicted success in the several aviation fields. Scores, ranging from t to g, were known as stanine numbers. An overall stanine number was assigned for the complete battery. Individual scores were given for each test, so that the cadet with a g in radar, a 7 in navigation, and a 6 in piloting could be assigned to the specialty in which he was most likely to succeed.

38 Hist Tuskegee Army Air Field 1 Mar-30 Jun 44, Air Hist Gp 288.28-4, VI, 41. Quote is a paraphrase of interview with Maj Robert M. Long, Dir Advanced Single-Engine Trig, Tuskegee Army Air Field.

39 Ltr, Hq Tuskegee Army Air Field to ACofAS Pers, Hq AAF, 4 Dec 43, AAF 220.31 Tuskegee. See also Ltr, Hq Tuskegee Army Field for CG AAFEFTC, Maxwell Field, 18 Nov 43, AAF 220.31 Tuskegee.

40 Hist AAF Navigation School, Hondo Army Air Field, 9 Jul 42-1 Mar 44, AF Archives; Hist Hondo Army Air Field, 1 Sep-1 Nov 44, AF Archives; Memo, ACofAS Tug for Civ Aide to SW, 4 Dec 43, AAF 353 Cld Tug, Binder 2.

41 Memo, DACofAS for Opns, Commitments, and Rqmts for Gen Craig, 20 Oct 43, AAF 353 Cld Tng, Binder 2.

42 R&RS, DCofAS for ACofAS for Opns, Commitments, and Rqmts and ACofAS Tug, 29 Apr 43, AAF 353-A Negro Tng.

43 Penciled note, signed "C" (General Craig), R&RS, 2 7 Oct 43, to Memo, Gross for Craig, 20 Oct 43. and R&RS, Gross to Col Byron E. Brugge, 27 Oct 43, both in AAF 353 Cld Tng, Binder 2.

44 Ibid.

45 Comment 2, 1 Nov 43, to R&RS, note cited n. 43.

46 Memo, ACofAS Tng for Gen Arnold, 3 NOV 49, AAF 353 NT; Ltr, ACofAS Tng to CG AAF Tng Comd, 15 Nov ¢3, AAF Cld Trig, Binder 2; Ltr, Hq AAF Tng Comd to CG AAF, 18 Mar 44, and tst Ind, Hq AAF to CG AAFTC, 25 Mar 44, AAF 353 Cld Tng.

47 Hist Hondo Army Airfield AAF, 1 Sep-1 Nov 44, PP. 14-17, AF Archives. On stanine scoring, see footnote 37, above.

48 Hist Rpt Squadron H, Tuskegee Army Air Field, Mar 45.

49 Hist of Tuskegee Army Air Field, 1 Mar-30 Jun 44; Hist, 2143d AAF BU . . . and TAAF,1 Jan-28 Feb 45, 1 Mar-30 Apr 45; both in AF Archives.

50 Hist and War Diary, 79th Fighter Gp, Sep-Dec 43, AF Archives.

51 Hist 99th Fighter Squadron, Dec 43, AF Archives.

52 Hist 79th Fighter Gp, 1 Jan 43-1 Jan 44; War Diary, 99th Fighter Squadron, Nov 43; both in AF Archives.

53 Memo, Gen Arnold for Gen Craig, ACofAS for Opns, Commitments and Rqmts, 6 Jan 44, AAF 353-A Negro Tug.

54 Memo, Craig for Arnold, 11 Jan 44, AAF 353-A Negro Tng,

55 Handwritten note to Memo for Record, Asst to the DCofS, 27 Oct 43, WDCSA 291.2 (8 Oct 43), signed O. L. Nelson, dated 11 Jan 44.

page created 15 January 2002


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