Endnotes for Chapter VII

1 For examples, see Memo, G-1 for CG SOS, 11 Jun 42, AG 210.31 (2-14-42) (3) ; Memo, G-t for CG AGF, AGF 320.2; and Ltr, Hq IV Army Corps OTIG, CpB cauregard, La., to TIG, 1 5 Jun 42. All in AGF 333.1/31 IV Army Corps.

2 Remarks of General McNiarney in the General Council, 18 Aug 42.

3 Ltr, Col Malvern-Hill Barnum to Col Allen J. Greer,19 Apr19, AWC-127-21.

4Memo, G-3 for CofS, 5 Jun 40, AG 291.21 (5-14-40) .

5 Memo, G-3 for COfs, 4 Feb 42, approved by SW, 11 Feb 42, G-3 645-444.

6 Memo, TAG for Dir Mil Tng SOS, 14 Jul 42, AG 200.3/92 (WO).

7WD Memo W610-1-42, 17 Aug 42, AG 220.2 WO (7-26-42) (OB-A-PS).

8 Ltr, CO 758th Tk Bn to CG TDC, 28 Jan 43, app. CGTDC in 3d Ind, 210 GNTDA, dated 30 Jun 43, and forwarded by CG Armd Comd without comment, AGF 210/28 WO.

9 Ibid., 5th Ind, Hq AGE

10 AGF M/S, RQT to Ground G-1, 11 Jul 43, AGF 210/28 WO.

11 1st Ind, Hq AGF to CG Second Army, 8 May 43, AGF 2to CWO; Ltr, TAG to CG's Major Comds, Armies, Corps, Defense Comds, Sv Comds, R&SC, Overseas Theaters, and Base Comds, 6 Sep 43, AG 210.31 WO (10 Aug 43) PO-A-A.

12 Remarks of Lt Col John R. Harris, QMC, CO 243d QM Bn, to All Offs Assigned to Negro Trps in the Ft. Lewis Area, 16 Sep 42, AGF 322.999/ 2991/2

13 Ibid.

14 Personal Ltr, CO 99th CA (AA) Regt, to "an officer of WD," 2 Feb 43, circulated in hectograph form by Lt Col Marshall S. Carter in Memo, OPD, 8 Feb 43, OPD 322.97.

15 T. Hall, Jr., "Race Prejudice and Negro White Relations in the Army," The American Journal of Sociology, L11 (March, 1947), 402. The. author, an anthropologist, used as standards of judgment the venereal rates, number of courts martial, number of men absent without leave,and performance in the field of each unit.

16 Narrative of Incident of Disorder, Negro and White Soldiers at Camp Beauregard, La., September, 1944, Incl to Ltr, Brig Gen Edward Barber to Col Leonard, Secy Advisory Com on Special Trp Policies, 24 Jul 45, ASW 291.2.

17 M/R, Tel Conv, Asst G-3 AGE to CofS Third Army, 21 Jun 43, AGF 322/2.

18 Rpt, ASF, Hq Fifth Sv Comd, 17 Nov 43, and other papers in AGF 322/5.

19 Hall, op. cit., p. 401f.

20 Rpt, Investigation 828th TD Bn, Cp Hood, Tex., 24-27 Aug 42, p. 5; and exhibit D, p. 90, IG   .

21 Hall, op. Cit-, p. 402.

22 Personal observation of the author. 

23 92d Div Files, 210.3 x 220.3.

24 Rad, Hq AGF to CG Third Army, 4 Apr 42, and Telg, Hq AGF to Brig Gen E. M. Almond, Inf School, Ft. Benning, Ga., AGF Classified Radiograms (AGF-Out) Mar-Aug 42, AGF 210.35/78;
93d Div 210.31 Files, passim.

25 Ltr, CG VIII Corps to CG AGF, 20 Aug 42, AGF 322.999/23 (Cld Trps).

26 1st Ind, Hq 364th Inf, APO 980, to TAG, 25 Apr 44, to Ltr, Officer Hq Co 2d Bn 364th Inf, 4 Apr 44, OPD 322.97/40.

27 For examples see Ltr, Asst IG Hq DTC to CG DTC, 11 Aug 42, and Inds, AG 291.21 (7-17-42) (1) ; Investigation . . . 457th Avn Sq, AAF Files Bulky, 3335 457th Avn Sq; Memo, TIG for CG AST, 23 Nov 44, IG 250-Camp Ellis and Incls.

28 Cf., ASF Conf of CG's Sv Comds, Dallas, Tex., 17-19 Feb .14, p. 141.

29 Papers in AGF 322/4. 

30 Ibid.

31 Ltr, Major --, Hq Bn 370th Inf, 31 Jan 45, to CG 92d Div, 92d Div Files, 210.3 x 220.3/23.

32 Ibid., 2d Ind, 92d Div to Fifth Army.

33 Leadership, Address by Brig Gen Horace L. Whittaker, Notes, ASF Fifth Tng Conf, ASFTC, Cp Barkeley, Tex., 24 Oct 44.

34 Ltr, DCofS to CG's Major Comds, Defense Comds, and Armies, 10 Aug 42, WDCSA 291.21 (10-19-42).

35 Ltr, Hq AGF to DCofS, 20 Aug 42, AGF 322.999/23 (Cld Trps).

36 M/S, Hq AGF, Ground G-1 to CofS AGF, 11 Oct 42, AGF 322.999/25

37 Cf., Lit Order, Hq 35th Inf Div to 4 Named Officers, 12 Sep 42, AG 210.31 (2-14-42) (3) .

38 Ltr, Hq AGF to CG's, 10 Aug 42, AGF 322.999/23

39 Memo, G-1 for TAG, 21 Mar 44, WDGAP 210.31; Ltrs, TAG to CG's Major Comds, 24 Mar 44, AG 210.31 (21 Mar 44) ; Ltr, Hq ASF to CG's and MDW, Chiefs Svs, TQMG, TSG, CSigO, 1 Apr 44, SPX 210.31 (24 Mar 44) ; AAF Ltr 35-8, 18 May 44.

40 Notes, Fifth ASF Tng Conf, 24 Oct 44, Cp Barkeley, Tex., p. 102.

41 S/S, Hq ASF for CofS, 13 Oct 44, WDCSA 210.31 (13 Oct 44) , AG 210.31 (21 Mar 44) (2) .

42 S/S, Hq ASF for CofS, 13 Oct 44, WDCSA 210.31 (13 Oct 44) , AG 210.31 (21 Mar 44) (2) .

43 Ltr, Hq ASF to CG's Sv Comds, Chiefs Svs, TQMG, TSG, and CSigO, 1 Nov 44, SPXPO-A­SPGAM-210.31 (13 Oct 44) ; Lit, Hq ASF to CG's, DCofS for Sv Comds, et al., 15 Nov 44, SPXPO-A 210.31 (7 Nov 44)


44 Memo, Col Leonard for ASW, 3 Oct 44, sub: Summary Rpt of Recent Visit of Observation at Southern Cps Relative to Racial Matters, Incl 1, Rpt on Racial Conditions at Cp Claiborne, SPTR 291.2 (3 Oct 44) .

45 1st Ind, OCS to CG ASF,10 Jan 44, to Memo, CG ASF for CofE, 31 Dec 43, SPTRU 333.3 (IG) (Eng) (23 Dec 43) ; Ltr, CG VIII Corps to CG ACT, 20 Aug 42, ACT 322.999/23 (Cld Trps) ; Ltr, OASW to Mrs. Roosevelt, 12 Aug 43, based on WDGAO/322.99 (1 Jun 43) dated 9 Aug 43, ASW 291.21 Alpha; ASC Survey of Negro Organizations, 1944, AAF 333.5 Bulky.

46 Statement, Maj Axel G. Cask, Chief Pets and Tug Div, Hq Warner Robins ASC, Robins Fld, Ga., 28 Jun 44; Ltr, Hq ASC OAI to CG ASC, Patterson Fld, Ohio, 11 Jul 44, Rpt of Investigation re Alleged Conditions in the 456th and 457th Avn Sqs . . . , ASC IG-5-EWS, AAF 333.5, Bulky.

47 Capt James B. Lucy, Chief Officers' Br Mil Pcrs Sec, Hq WRASC, 28 Jun 44, ASC IG-5-EWS, AAF 333.5, Bulky.

48 Leadership, Address by Gen Whittaker to ASF Fifth Tog Conf, 24 Oct 44, ASFTC Cp Barkeley, Tex., Notes, pp. 101, 103.

49 Ibid., p. 103.

50 Memo for Files, Gen Edward S. Greenbaum, 8 Mar 43, AGF 322/1 (93d Div); Ltr, Hq AGF to R&SC, 25 Nov 43, AGF 353-92/262; Ltr, CG Cp Wheeler, Ga., to CG AGF, 7 Dec 43, AGF 322.999/381; 2d Ind, Hq Ft. Huachuca to CG 9th Sv Comd, 23 Mar 45, on Hq ASF to CG's Sv Comds, etc., 30 Jan 45, SPX 291.2 (26 Jan 45) OB-S-SPDCCC), Ft. Huachuca 291.2, 9th Sv Comd 291.2. See also: Lt. Col. Herbert S. Ripley, M.C., O.R.C., and Maj. Stewart Wolf, M.C., O.R.C., "Mental Illness Among Negro Troops Overseas," American Journal of Psychiaby, CHI (January, 1947) , 510.

51 See above, p. 29.

52 Memo, G-t for CofS, 28 Sep 40, AG 210.31­ORC (9-28-40) 

53 Ibid. 

54 Memo, G-3 for G-1, q Oct 40, AG 210.31 ORC (9-28-40).

55 Memo, WPD for G-1, 15 Oct 40, AG 210.31 ORC (9-28-40) .

56 Additional Memo, G-1 for CofS, 16 Oct 40, AG 210.31 ORC (9-28-40).

57 Memo, G-1 for CofS, 28 Sep 40, OCS 20602-103.

58 Note, President Roosevelt to ASW Robert Patterson, attached to Memo, Gen Marshall for G-1, 25 Oct 40, AG 210.81 ORC (9-28-40) .

59 Ibid.

60 Memo, G-1 for CofS, 29 Oct 40, AG 210.81 ORC (9-28-40) .

61 Ltr, TAG to CofS GHQ, CG's Armies, Corps Areas, and Chiefs of Arms and Svs, 9 Nov 40, AG 210.31 ORC (11-6-40) M-A-M, based on Memo, G-1 for TAG, 5 Nov 40, AG 210.31 ORC (9-28-40).

62 Memo, G-1 for TAG, 29 Nov 40, AG 210.31 ORC (11-29-40).

63 Ibid.; Ltr, TAG to CG's, 24 Oct 40, AG 210.31 NGUS (10-3-40) M M-A.

64 Immediate Action Ltr, TAG to CG's Corps Areas et al.,10 May 41, AG 320.2 (4-15-41) MT­C-M; Ltr, Hq SEATC, Maxwell Field, Ala., to TAG, 18 Jul 41, AG 320.2 (7-18-41) . At least 66 Negro Reserve officers applied for the four branch immaterial positions which were originally announced.

65 Rad, TAG to CG Fourth Corps Area, 9 Mar 42, Fourth Corps Area 358 ORC (EAD), item 480-F.

66 Memo, G-1 for CofS, 29 Nov 40, AG 210.81 ORC (10-22-40).

67 Ltr, A. N. Vaughn, M.D., President National Medical Association, to SW, 16 Mar 41, Incl to Memo, Col E. R. Householder, AGD, for Ex0 AGD, 20 Mar 41, AG 210.1 Med (2-19-41) M.

68 Memo, G-1 for TAG, 12 Feb 41, and attached Memo for Record, AG 210.1 Med Reserve (2­12-41).

69 Ltr, TAG to Corps Areas, Depts, and TSG, 15 Feb 41, AG 210.1 Med Reserve (2-13-41) R-A.

70 Ltr, TAG to Corps Areas, 10 Jul 39, AG 381 (6-8-89) Misc M-A; Memo, G-1 for CofS, 29 Nov 40, AG 210.31 ORC (10-22-40).

71 Ltr, OSG to TAG, 25 Oct 40, AG 320.2 (10­25-40) (8-2-40) (4) sec. 6.

72 Memo, G-1 for CofS, 15 Jan 41, AG 320.2 (10­25-40).

73 Ibid. These wards required 17 doctors, 2 dentists, and 28 nurses at each hospital.

74 Memo, OCS (Col Orlando Ward, SGS) for G-1, 7 Jan 41, OCS 20602-132.

75 Memo, G-1 for Ward,7 Jan 41, AG 210.72 184th FA (1-7-41) (1); Memo, G-1 for TAG, 11 Feb 41, AG 291.21 (1-13-41) .

76 Ltr, SGS to Rep Raymond S. McKeough, 6 Mar 41, and other exchanges in OCS 20602-132.

77 Memo, G-1 for CofS, 8 NOV 40, AG 210.31 ORC (11-8-40) (9); Ltr, TAG to Coflnf, 22 Nov 40, and Ltr, TAG to CG Third Corps Area. Both in AG 210.31 ORC (11-8-40) M-A.

78 2d Ind, VI Army Corps to CG First Army, 9 Jul 41, to Ltr, TAG to CG First Army, 18 Jun 41, AG 210.31 ORC (6-16-41) OE-A, based on Memo, G-1 for TAG, 16 Jun 41, G-1/8165-490.

79 Memo, G-1 for CofS, 17 Jul 41, AG 210.31 ORC.

80 Ltr, VI Army Corps to CG First Army, 15 Sep 41, and 4 Inds, AG 210.31 ORC (9-15-41) (11­8-40) (3) ; Ltr, TAG to CG First Army, 10 Feb 42, and subsequent exchanges in AG 210.31 ORC (2-7-42).

81 Inds to Ltr, Hq ETO and First Army, 16 Feb 42, AG 210.31 ORC (11-8-40)(3).

82 Memo, OTIG for CofS, 17 Oct 41, G-1/15640­118.

83 Papers in OCS 21177-297 and G-1/15640-118. A white colonel from a Regular Negro regiment was later ordered to the regiment as "instructor," then as commander, but his orders were revoked. He was then assigned to Headquarters, Second Corps Area, with inspection duties for the 372d Infantry. G-1/15640-54, 25-30 Mar 42.

84 Ltr, TAG to CG Second Corps Area, 13 Dec 41, AG 370.5 (12-11-41) MC-C-M; Ltr, TAG to CG Second Corps Area, 26 Apr 42, AG 370.5 (4­22-42) MC-E-M.

85 Msg, First Army to TAG, 8 Sep 41, AG 210.31 ORC (9-8-41) .

86 Comd Pets Repl Req, 369th CA (AA) to TAG, 10 May 41, 3d Wrapper Ind, Hq AAC to TAG, 3 Jun 42, 341/B-99 (5- 10-42) , AG 210.31 (5-20-42); Ltr, Hq AAC to TAG, 12 Sep 42, AG 210.31 (2­14-42) (3).

87 TAGO Machine Rec Sec, 3 and 4 Nov 41, Tabs G and H in G-1/15640-120.

88 Hastie Survey, p. 12, G-1/15640-120.

89 4th Ind, Hq 369th CA (AA) NYNG to CofNGB,18 Nov 40, to Ltr, NGB to AG of New York, 30 Oct 40, NGB 325.4 (CA) N.Y.-52; 6th Ind, Hq 184th FA to CG Sixth Corps Area, 22 Jan 41, to Ltr, NGB to AG of Illinois, 13 Dec 40, AG 210.31 ORC (12-31-40) M.

90 Memo, CofS for CofCA, 10 Apr 40, OCS 19308­4; Ltr, Acting DCofS to Maj Gen IV. N. Haskell, 11 Apr 40; Ltr, NGB to AG of New York, 30 Oct 40; Memo, OCNGB for Col Wharton, 28 Nov 40. All in NGB 325.4 (CA) N.Y.-62.

91 Memo, TAG for Admin Asst OSW, 16 Sep 41, AG 291.21 (9-12-41) M.

92 Memo, TAG for CiN- Aide to SW, 18 Nov 41, AG 291.21 (10-30-41) RB.

93 Hastic Survey, G-1/15640-120. See also Memo, G-r for TAG, 1 ,Jan 42, and attached Memo for Rccolcf. 1ncls, OCS 220602-239.

94 Sources cited n. 93.

95 Ltr, Edgar G. Brown, President United Government Employees, Inc., to President Roosevelt
and to SW, 15 Oct 41, AG 291.21 (10-15-41)(1) .

96 Fulton Lewis, MBS, 20 Oct 41, Daily Radio Digest, 21 Oct 41, AG 291.2 (10-21-42) (9) .

97 Telg, Walter White, NAACP, to Secy Stimson and President Roosevelt, 23 Oct 41, AG 291.21 (10-23-41) (3).

98 Telg, Walter White to Secy Stimson, 29 Oct 41, AG 291.21 (l0-29-41) (1).

99 Lit, SGS to Senator Carl Hayden (Arizona) 12 Dec 41, AG 352 (12-12-41) M; Lit, G-3 to Representative James N. Fitzpatrick, 12 Dec 41, AG 352 (12-12-41) MT.

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