Chapter XIII


1 Mallonée, Bataan Diary, I, 113. This estimate came from G-3 USAFFE.

2 14th Army Opns, I, 66.

3 Ibid., 64, 71-72, 85; 5th Air Gp Opns, p. 41.

4 Interrog of Lt Gen Susumu Morioka, 24 Apr 47, Interrogations of Former Japanese Officers, Mil Hist Div, GHQ FEC, I, 71.

5 The account of action on the left flank is based upon NLF and I Corps Rpt of Opns, pp. 14-15; O'Day, 21st Div (PA), II, 15-20; Mallonée, Bataan Diary, I, 114-20, 123-25; Chandler, "26th Cavalry (PS) Battles to Glory," Part 2, Armored Cavalry Journal (May-June 1947), pp. 12-13; Prov Tank Gp Rpt of Opns, p. 15; Brief Hist of 22d Inf (PA), p. 4; Richards, Steps to a POW Camp, pp. 9-12; 14th Army Opns, I, 73, 85.

6 Mallonée, Bataan Diary, I, 115.

7 Ibid., 116.

8 O'Day, 21st Div (PA), II, 16.

9 Lt. Grover C. Richards, 21st Infantry (PA), states that he was sent to bring the tanks in and finally had to walk in front of the lead tank in order to get it to advance. Richards, Steps to a POW Camp, pp. 9-10. See also Weaver, Comments on Draft MS, Comment 22, OCMH.

10 Mallonée, Bataan Diary, I, 120.

11 The account of the action around Guagua is based on Townsend, Defense of Phil, p. 13; 2d Lt James, 11th Inf (PA), p. 8, and Liles, 12th Inf (PA), p. 13, both in Chunn Notebooks; 11th Inf (PA), Beach Defense and Delaying Action, pp. 22- 23; Miller, Bataan Uncensored, pp. 124-32; Prov Tank Gp Rpt of Opns, pp. 15-16; Dooley, The First U.S. Tank Action in World War II, p. 13; Mallonée, Bataan Diary, I, 124-25.

12 14th Army Opns, I, 85.

13 11th Inf (PA), Beach Defense and Delaying Action, pp. 22-23; Townsend, Defense of Phil, p. 13.

14 The account of this action and those that follow are reconstructed from a large number of records which present at best a confusing picture. The main sources used in this reconstruction are: NLF and I Corps Rpt of Opns, pp. 14-15; Prov Tank Gp Rpt, p. 15-16; Miller, Bataan Uncensored, pp. 126-32; Rpts of S-2 and S-3, 194th Tank Bn in Diary of Col Miller, copy in OCMH; 14th Army Opns, I, 86; Weaver, Comments on Draft MS, Comments 22-25, OCMH.

15 11th Inf (PA), Beach Defense and Delaying Action, p. 24; ltr, Selleck to Board of Officers, 1 Feb 46, sub: Statement for Reinstatement of Rank, p. 10, OCMH.

16 Mallonée, Bataan Diary, I, 131. See also pp. 127-30, and O'Day, 21st Div (PA), II, 19.

17 See below, Ch. XV, p. 21.

18 O'Day, 21st Div (PA), II, 20.

19 Ibid., pp. 18,20.

20 Mallonée, Bataan Diary, I, 138. See also O'Day, 21st Div (PA), II, 20; Prov Tank Gp Rpt of Opns, p. 16; 11th Inf (PA), Beach Defense and Delaying Action, p. 24.

21 O'Day, 21st Div (PA), II, 20.

22 14th Army Opns, I, 73, 86; O'Day, 21st Div (PA), II, 21; Skerry, Comments on Engineer History, No. 9, p. 11; Chandler, "26th Cavalry (PS) Battles to Glory," Part 2, Armored Cavalry Journal (May-June 1947), p. 13.

23 Memo, Casey for CofS USAFFE, 2 Jan 42, sub: Defense of Bataan, AG 381, Phil Rcds; ltr, Parker to Ward, 16 Jan 52, OCMH; ltr, Col Olson to author, 10 Jan 52, OCMH. Colonel Maher, Wainwright's chief of staff, states that the Layac Junction position would have been occupied "as a matter of course," and that Colonel Casey had nothing to do with its use. Ltr, Maher to Ward, 24 Dec 51, OCMH.

24 Except where otherwise indicated this section is based upon: ltr, Selleck to CG II Corps, 3 Feb 43, sub: Action at Layac Junction, in Selleck, Notes on the 71st Div (PA), pp. 20-22. Attached to this letter are accounts of the 31st Infantry (US) by Col. Charles L. Steel and of the 26th Cavalry (PS) at Layac Junction by Lt. Col. Lee C. Vance, and a memo, Weaver for Selleck, 1 Feb 43, sub: Action Prov Tank Gp in Connection with Layac Delaying Position; ltr, Selleck to Board of Officers, 1 Feb 46, sub: Statement for Reinstatement of Rank, OCMH; USAFFE-USFIP Rpt of Opns, pp. 41-42; SLF and II Corps Rpt of Opns, pp. 22-27; and Chandler, "26th Cavalry (PS) Battles to Glory," Part 2, Armored Cavalry Journal (May- June 1947), pp. 13-14; Weaver, Comments on Draft MS, Comments 29 and 30, OCMH; ltr, Miller to Ward, 31 Dec 51, OCMH; Skerry, Comments on Draft MS, Comment C, OCMH.
Japanese sources for this action are scanty and the author had to rely on 14th Army Opns, I, 86, and the American sources cited.

25 Collier, Notebooks, III, 11; SLF and II Corps Rpt of Opns, p. 25; ltr, Parker to Ward, 16 Jan 52, OCMH.

26 Ltr, Selleck to CG II Corps, 3 Feb 43, Action at Layac Junction, in Selleck, Notes on 71st Div (PA), p. 25.

27 Collier, Notebooks, II, 12-14; ltr, Fowler to author, 30 Apr 49, OCMH.

28 Rad, MacArthur to TAG, No. 14, 6 Jan 42, AG 381 (11-27-41 Sec 1) Far East.

29 Ibid.

30 Maj Donald G. Thompson, Opns of Co L, 31st Inf (US) in Battle of Layac Junction (paper prepared for Advanced Infantry Officers Course, 1947-48, The Infantry School), pp. 10-14. Major Thompson commanded L Company during this action.

31 Ltr, Selleck to Board of Officers, 1 Feb 46, sub: Statement for Reinstatement of Rank, p. 11, OCMH. General Weaver does not mention this matter in his memo to Selleck, cited above, or in his report. Colonel Miller speaks of the impossibility of tank action in this area in Bataan Uncensored, p. 139. In his comments on a draft of this manuscript, General Weaver states that no request for tanks was ever made to him. Comment 29, OCMH.

32 Miller, Bataan Uncensored, pp. 140-41; Prov Tank Gp Rpt of Opns, pp. 16-17; ltr, Miller to Ward, 31 Dec 51, OCMH; Weaver, Comments on Draft MS, Comments 29 and 30, OCMH.

33 Thompson, Opns of Co L, 31st Inf (US), p. 15; Maj Eugene B. Conrad, Opns of 31st Inf (US), pp. 10-11, and Maj Everett V. Mead, S-4 of 31st Inf (US), Opns and Mvmts of 31st Inf (US), p. 15. Both papers prepared for Advanced Officers Course in 1946-47 and 1947-48, respectively, at The Infantry School.

34 Wainwright, General Wainwright's Story, pp. 45, 48; interv, Falk with Jones, 2 Dec 49. The strengths as given are rough approximations at best. No official figures are available for the campaign or any part of it.

35 Comments of Former Japanese Officers Regarding The Fall of the Philippines, pp. 50, 124; USA vs. Homma, Defense Exhibit Y. See also the testimony of Colonel Nakajima, who said at the trial of General Homma that there were 4,500 casualties, including 1,300 wounded and 2,700 sick, in the 14th Army thus far. USA vs. Homma, p. 2573, testimony of Nakajima.


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