Chapter XXIV

1 Japanese sources used in the preparation of this chapter include: 14th Army Opns, I, 147-50, 156- 63, II, Maps 12 and 13; 5th Air Gp Opns, pp. 72- 74; USA vs. Homma, p. 2651, testimony of Kitajima; Statements of Col Oishi, 2 Oct 50, ATIS Doc 62639, and Col Yoshida, 28 Jul 49, ATIS Doc 62642, both in Statements of Japanese Officials on World War II, GHQ FEC, Mil Intel Sec, III, 113-15, IV, 548-51.
American sources of a general nature include: USAFFE-USFIP Rpt of Opns, pp. 57-59; Luzon Force Rpt of Opns, pp. 3-4; SLF and II Corps Rpt of Opns, pp. 50-56; Collier, Notebooks, III, 71-74; Quintard, Diary, entries of 3-6 Apr 42; Phil Div Rpt of Opns, pp. 24-27; Mallonée, Bataan Diary, II, 81, 90-91. References to the detailed accounts of operations are cited below.

2 Mallonée, Bataan Diary, II, 81; Shoemake, 41st FA (PA), p. 32, Chunn Notebooks; interv, author with Maj Winston A. Jones, 41st FA (PA), 8 May 49. Shoemake and Jones were the two American observers.

3 Mallonée, Bataan Diary, II, 81; Ellis, 23d Inf (PA), p. 14, Chunn Notebooks; ltr, Col Wetherby to author, 22 May 51, OCMH.

4 Maj John McM. Gulick, Memoirs of Btry C, 91st CA (PS), p. 106, copy lent to author by Major Gulick, OCMH.

5 Quintard, Diary, entry for 3 Apr 42.

6 Collier, Notebooks, III, 71.

7 The account of action in the 41st Division sector is based on the American and Japanese sources cited at the beginning of the section and upon the following records of the 41st Division: Fortier, 41st Div (PA) Rpt of Opns, pp. 5-6, copy in OCMH; Fortier, Notes on 41st Div (PA), pp. 12-14, 91; Shoemake, 41st FA (PA), pp. 32-33, and Lt Max Kissel, Hist of 42d Inf (PA), 3-9 Apr 42, p. 29, both in Chunn Notebooks; Wetherby, Opns of 41st Inf (PA), 2-10 Apr 42, in Fortier, Notes on 41st Div (PA), pp. 164-69; ltr, Wetherby to author, 22 May 51, OCMH; interv, author with Maj Jones, 41st FA (PA), 8 May 49.

8 Lt Henry Harris, Hist, 41st Engineer Bn (PA), p. 34, Chunn Notebooks.

9 O'Day, 21st Div (PA), II, 5.

10 In addition to the general sources cited, the account of the 33d Infantry (PA) is based upon: Maj Holmes, Hist, 33d Inf (PA), p. 27A, and Harris, 41st Engineer Bn (PA), p. 34, both in Chunn Notebooks; Chapin, Hist of 33d Inf (PA), 3-9 Apr 42, pp. 1-4, 9, OCMH.

11 Chapin, Hist of 33d Inf (PA), p. 3.

12 Fortier, 41st Div (PA) Rpt of Opns, p. 6. The Japanese that day flew 133 sorties and dropped a total of 87 tons of bombs on II Corps alone. 5th Air Gp Opns, p. 73.

13 This account of action in the 21st Division area is based upon the general sources cited in note 1 and upon the following records dealing with the 21st Division (PA): O'Day, 21st Div (PA), I, Part 2, 4-6, II, 40-42; Capt J. C. Ellis, 23d Inf (PA), p. 14, and Oster and Richards, 21st Inf (PA), p. 10, both in Chunn Notebooks.

14 Statement of Col Oishi, 2 Oct 50, ATIS Doc 62639, Statements of Japanese Officials on World War II, GHQ FEC, Mil Intel Sec, III, 114.

15 14th Army Opns, I, 158.

16 O'Day, 21st Div (PA), II, 4.

17 Ibid.; INS Summary 101, 5 Apr 42, AG 000.75 (4-13-42) MB. The sermon cited was delivered by Chaplain J. K. Borneman, a Protestant.

18 Statement of Col Oishi, 2 Oct 50, ATIS Doc 62639, Statements of Japanese Officials on World War II, GHO FEC, Mil Intel Sec, III, 114.

19 Shoemake, 41st FA (PA), p. 33, Chunn Notebooks.

20 Luzon Force Rpt of Opns, p. 4.

21 In addition to the sources cited below for specific or controversial points, this section is based upon the following: Ltr, Doyle to Ward, 8 Jan 52, OCMH; Diary, Col Brady, CO 31st Inf (PA), filed in a separate folder entitled Brady Papers, OCMH; Capt William E. W. Farrell, 31st Inf S-2, Notes for Regtl Hist, in Brady Papers, pp. 20-21, OCMH. Another version of the same source entitled Farrell Diary is filed in Bluemel, 31st Div (PA) Rpt of Opns, p. 70. Three studies prepared by students at The Infantry School were also used for 31st Infantry (US) operations: Conrad, Opns of 31st Inf (US), pp. 20-21, 24; Mead, Opns and Mvmts of 31st Inf (US), pp. 25-26; Bess, Opns of Service Co, 31st Inf (US), p. 29.
For armored operations, the following were used: Prov Tank Gp Rpt of Opns, p. 23; Miller, Bataan Uncensored, pp. 196-202.
Many of the sources for the counterattack disagree on times and places, and the author has often had to adopt a reconstruction at variance with the majority of the sources, but one which seemed most reasonable and was in accord with those facts which were not in dispute.

22 For the movements and preparations of the 41st Div (PA) and 33d Inf (PA), see: Fortier, 41st Div (PA) Rpt of Opns, p. 6; Fortier, Notes on 41st Div (PA), pp. 14, 15, 170-71; ltr, Wetherby to author, 22 May 51, OCMH: Holmes, 33d Inf (PA), p. 27A, Chunn Notebooks; Chapin, Hist of 33d Inf (PA), p. 10.

23 Bluemel, 31st Div (PA) Rpt of Opns, p. 21.

24 14th Army Opns, I, 161-63.

25 Mead, Opns and Mvmts of 31st Inf (US), pp. 25-26; Conrad, Opns of 31st Inf (US), pp. 20-21; Bess, Opns of Service Co, 31st Inf (US), p. 29.

26 Wainwright, General Wainwright's Story, p. 78.

27 Trail 44 extended from the intersection of Route 2 and the San Vicente River southward along the west bank of the river to Trail 8.

28 In addition to the sources cited in the preceding section, this account is based upon: Amato and Murphy, 2d Bn, 45th Inf (PS), pp. 14-15, Croom, Hist, 3d Bn, 45th Inf (PS), pp. 15-16, and Anderson, 57th Inf (PS) Opns, p. 6, all three in Chunn Notebooks; Lt Col Joaquin Esperitu, Brief Hist of 22d Inf (PA), p. 8; ltr, C. A. McLaughlin to author, 14 Jun 49, OCMH; Col Young, CO 51st Combat Team, Opns of 51st Combat Team, in Bluemel, 31st Div (PA) Rpt of Opns, p. 23; Capt Robert A. Barker, Opns of Antitank Co, 31st Inf (PA), Brady Papers, pp. 13-14, OCMH; ltr, [CO 21st Inf] to TAG PA, 30 Dec 45, sub: Opns of 21st Inf (PA), copy in OCMH; Mallonée, Bataan Diary, II, 90.

29 Brady, Diary, entry of 6 Apr 42, and Farrell, Notes for Regtl Hist, pp. 20-21, both in Brady Papers, OCMH.

30 Wetherby, Opns of 41st Inf (PA), in Fortier, Notes on 41st Div (PA), pp. 171-72; ltr, Wetherby to author, 22 May 51, OCMH. Japanese sources do not mention the action of the 41st Infantry (PA).

31 QM Rpt of Opns, p. 51; Luzon Force Rpt of Opns, G-4 Annex, p. 3. It is entirely possible that many of the units did not receive the increase. Ltr, Doyle to Ward, 8 Jan 52, OCMH.

32 Gulick, Memoirs of Btry C, 91st CA, p. 108, OCMH.

33 INS Summary 102, 6 Apr 42, AG 000.75 (4-13-42) MB.

34 Rad, Wainwright to AGWAR, 7 Apr 42, USFIP G-3 Journal, 19 Mar-19 Apr 42, AG 461 (1 Apr 42) Phil Rcds.

35 Rads, MacArthur to Marshall, No. 116, 8 Apr 42, Msgs from Gen MacArthur, OPD Exec O; Wainwright to MacArthur, 7 Apr 42, USFIP G-3 Journal, 19 Mar-19 Apr 42, AG 461 (1 Apr 42) Phil Rcds.

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