Chapter XXV


1 The account of the fight for the trail junction is based upon: Amato and Murphy, 2d Bn, 45th Inf (PS), pp. 15-16, and Croom, Hist, 3d Bn, 45th Inf (PS), pp. 16-17, both in Chunn Notebooks; Miller, Bataan Uncensored, pp. 202-05; Wetherby, Opns of 41st Inf (PA), in Fortier, Notes on 41st Div (PA), pp. 172-73; Lilly, 57th Inf (PS) Opns Rpt, p. 6, OCMH; Phil Div Rpt of Opns, pp. 27-28; Luzon Force Rpt of Opns, p. 4; 14th Army Opns, I, 164, II, Map 12.

2 Chapin, Hist of 33d Inf (PA), pp. 16-21, OCMH; Holmes, 33d Inf (PA), p. 27A, Chunn Notebooks.

3 Juanita Redmond, I Served on Bataan (New York: J. B. Lippincott Company, 1943), p. 111. See also Cooper, Med Dept Activities, pp. 56-57. The Japanese later apologized for the bombing.

4 14th Army Opns, I, 164-65, II, Maps 12 and 13; 5th Air Gp Opns, pp. 74-75. The account of the loss of the San Vicente line is based upon: Bluemel, 31st Div (PA) Rpt of Opns, pp. 24-25; Young, 51st Combat Team, p. 3, in Bluemel, 31st Div (PA) Rpt of Opns; Bess, Opns of Service Co, 31st Inf (US), pp. 32-33; Mead, Opns and Mvmts of 31st Inf (PA), pp. 26-27; Mendelson, Opns of Prov Air Corps Regt, pp. 21-22; Blanning, CO 2d Sq, 26th Cav (PS), War Diary, p. 4, OCMH; Johnson, 57th Inf (PS) Diary, pp. 18-19; Maj Karol Bauer and Lt Gregory Williams, 31st Inf (PA), pp. 20-21, Lt Harold A. Morey, 32d Inf (PA), p. 23, and Lt Walter S. Strong, Hist, 31st Inf (US), p. 3, all three in Chunn Notebooks; Brady, Diary, p. 5, Brady Papers, OCMH; Farrell, Diary, in Bluemel, 31st Div (PA) Rpt of Opns, p. 71; Farrell, Notes for Regtl Hist, Brady Papers, pp. 21-22, OCMH.

5 Young, 51st Combat Team, in Bluemel, 31st Div (PA) Rpt of Opns, p. 3.

6 Trail 46 extended about five miles in a northeasterly direction from Trail Junction 8-44, across Trails 2 and 38, to join the East Road about a half mile south of Orion.

7 Conrad, Opns of 31st Inf (PA), p. 25, See also Johnson, 57th Inf (PS) Diary, p. 18.

8 The Mamala River flows east from Mt. Limay, parallel to and south of Trail 10, across Trail 2, to empty into Manila Bay at Limay.

9 The account of the effort to establish a line at the Mamala River is based upon: Luzon Force Rpt of Opns, p. 5; ltr, Parker to Ward, 16 Jan 52, OCMH; Chandler, "26th Cavalry (PS) Battles to Glory," Part 3, Armored Cavalry Journal (July- August 1947), pp. 20-21; Chandler, Outline Hist of 26th Cavalry (PS), p. 12; Blanning, War Diary, pp. 4-6; Bluemel, 31st Div (PA) Rpt of Opns, pp. 26-28; Collier, Notebooks, III, 75-77; Mallonée, Bataan Diary, II , 95-Regtl Hist, Brady Papers, p. 21, OCMH; Farrell, Diary, in Bluemel, 31st Div (PA) Rpt of Opns, p. 71; SLF and II Corps Rpt of Opns, p. 57.

10 Chandler, "26th Cavalry (PS) Battles to Glory," Part 3, Armored Cavalry Journal (July- August 1947), p. 20.

11 Ibid., p. 21.

12 Bluemel, 31st Div (PA) Rpt of Opns, p. 28.

13 Mallonée, Bataan Diary, II, 92.

14 Collier, Notebooks, III, 76.

15 The account of this order is based upon the following conflicting sources: Luzon Force Rpt of Opns, p. 5; USAFFE-USFIP Rpt of Opns, p. 60; Collier, Notebooks, III, 77; intervs, author with Gen King, 12 Feb 47, Gen Jones, and Col Collier, 20 Nov 46, OCMH; Brougher, 11th Div (PA) Surrender, p. 1, copy in OCMH.

16 Rad, Wainwright to AGWAR, 8 Apr 42, and notes of telephone conversation between G-3 USFIP, and CofS Luzon Force, made at 1745, 7 Apr 42, both in USFIP G-3 Journal, 19 Mar-19 Apr 42, AG 461 (1 Apr 42) Phil Rcds.

17 USA vs. Homma, p. 3065, testimony of Homma.

18 14th Army Opns, I, 165. Colonel Yoshida, 4th Division chief of staff, confirmed these figures and stated that casualties for the 4th Division on Bataan totaled 400 killed and wounded. Statement of Yoshida, ATIS Doc 62642, 28 Jul 49, Statements of Japanese Officials on World War II, GHQ FEC, Mil Intel Sec, IV, 548.

19 14th Army Opns, I, 166-67.

20 Trail 20 extended for about eight miles in an arc from Limay southward to Lamao. It crossed the Alangan, which is midway between the two villages, about two and a half miles from the coast. The Paalungan River joins the Alangan about one and a half miles east of Trail 2 and the two then flow east as one stream to empty into Manila Bay.

21 The account of operations on 8 April is based upon: Luzon Force Rpt of Opns, p. 5; SLF and II Corps Rpt of Opns, p. 58; Bluemel, 31st Div (PA) Rpt of Opns, pp. 29-32; Quintard, Diary, entry of 7-8 April 42; Chandler, "26th Cavalry Battles to Glory," Part 3, Armored Cavalry Journal, (July-August 1947), pp. 21-22; Lilly, 57th Inf (PS) Opns Rpt, pp. 6-7; Brady, Diary, pp. 5-6, Brady Papers, OCMH; Farrell, Diary, in Bluemel, 31st Div (PA) Rpt of Opns, p. 71; Farrell, Notes for Regtl Hist, in Brady Papers, p. 22, OCMH; Mallonée, Bataan Diary, II, 99-103.

22 Blanning, War Diary, p. 5.

23 Quintard, Diary, entry of 7-8 Apr 42.

24 Tisdelle, Diary, entry of 8 Apr 42; Mallonée, Bataan Diary, II, 100.

25 Blanning, War Diary, p. 6; 14th Army Opns, II, Map 12.

26 Bluemel, 31st Div (PA) Rpt of Opns, p. 32.

27 Material on the action of the tanks and SPM's during the last days of the campaign is scanty and vague. This account is based upon: Capt L. E. Johnson, 194th Tank Bn, S-3 Rpt, 14 Sep 43, in Diary of Lt Col E. B. Miller, CO 194th Tank Bn; Prov Tank Gp Rpt of Opns, p. 24; Bluemel, 31st Div (PA) Rpt of Opns, pp. 30-31. The Japanese aircraft were under orders to pay particular attention to vehicular movements. 5th Air Gp Opns, pp. 74-75.

28 The brigade had been formed on 7 April from Groupment A and consisted of the 200th Coast Artillery (AA) and the 515th Coast Artillery (AA), both composed of Americans. The former was a New Mexico National Guard unit and had provided the personnel for the latter when it was organized just after the start of war. Prov CA Brig (AA) Rpt of Opns, Annex IX, USAFFE-USFIP Rpt of Opns.

29 Collier, Notebooks, III, 79-80; Luzon Force Rpt of Opns, p. 6; SLF and II Corps Rpt of Opns, p. 69.

30 Bluemel, 31st Div (PA) Rpt of Opns, p. 32; Luzon Force Rpt of Opns, p. 6.

31 Bluemel, 31st Div (PA) Rpt of Opns, p. 32.

32 Ibid.; Wainwright, General Wainwright's Story, p. 81.

33 Collier, Notebooks, IV, 2; Prov CA Brig (AA) Rpt of Opns, p. 8; Chandler, "26th Cavalry (PS) Battles to Glory," Part 3, Armored Cavalry Journal (July-August 1947), p. 22; Bluemel, 31st Div (PA) Rpt of Opns, p. 34. The G-3 Annex of the Luzon Force Report of Operations states that the 26th Cavalry (PS) did go into the line as ordered, but other records do not confirm this view. Colonel Vance states that the orders were not received, and even if they had been could not have been executed. Ltr, Vance to Ward, 18 Dec 51, OCMH.

34 Rad, MacArthur to Wainwright, No. 68, 4 Apr 42, AG 384.1, GHQ SWPA.

35 Rad, Wainwright to MacArthur, No. 197, 8 Apr 42, USFIP G-3 Journal, 19 Mar-19 Apr 42, AG 461 (1 Apr 42) Phil Rcds. This message is a paraphrase of the one sent to Washington.

36 Rad, Wainwright to MacArthur, No. 199, 8 Apr 42, USFIP G-3 Journal, 19 Mar-19 Apr 42, AG 461 (1 Apr 42) Phil Rcds.

37 Cooper, Med Dept Activities, p. 35; Luzon Force Rpt of Opns, p. 6; Collier, Notebooks, IV, 2; intervs, author with Gen King, 12 Feb 47, Gen Jones, and Col Collier, 20 Nov 46, OCMH; Brougher, 11th Div (PA) Surrender, p. 1; Alexander, Personal Recollections of Bataan, p. 122.

38 Wainwright, General Wainwright's Story, pp. 81-82; USAFFE-USFIP Rpt of Opns, p. 61. Colonel Alexander, who was in King's command post that night, confirms this telephone conversation. King, he says, declared, "I want a definite answer as to whether or not General Jones will be left in my command regardless of what action I may take." Alexander, Personal Recollections of Bataan, pp. 123-24.


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