1 Mr. Stettinius had succeeded Cordell Hull as Secretary of State on 1 December 1944.

2 Department of State, Foreign Relations, 1944, vol. 1, p. 420f.

3 Department of State, European Advisory Commission; Austria; Germany, in "Foreign Relations of the United States, 1945," vol. III (Washington, D.C., 1968) , p. 413.

4 Ltr, Hilldring to Smith, 24 Feb 45, in SHAEF SGS 334.

5 Ibid.

6 Memo, McSherry for CofS, sub: Military Government Problems Requiring Immediate Agreement with the Russians, 27 Jan 45, and Ltr, H. Freeman Matthews to Smith, 15 Feb 45, in USFET SGS 014.1.

7 Department of State, Foreign Relations, 1945, vol. III, p. 433.

8 Ibid.

9 Ibid., p. 379.

11 Ibid., p. 387.

12 Ibid., p. 436.

13 Ibid., pp. 433-34.

14 Morgenthau Diary (Germany), vol. II, p. 976.

15 Department of State, Foreign Relations, 1945, vol. III, pp. 452-56.

16 Morgenthau Diary (Germany), vol. II, p. 1043f.

17 Department of State, Foreign Relations, 1945, vol. III, p. 469f.

21 Ibid., pp. 1070-73 and 1116-18.

22 (1) Summary of U.S. Initial Post Defeat Policy Relating to Germany 22 Mar 45, Initial FDR 23 Mar 45, in OPD 336 (Section V) (Cases 104-154) . (2) Department of State, Foreign Relations, 1945, vol. III, pp. 471-73.

23 Morgenthau Diary (Germany), vol. II, p. 1120.

24 Ibid., p. 1079.

25 Ibid., p. 1079f.

26 (1) Ibid., p. 1103. (2) Department of State, Foreign Relations, 1945, vol. III, pp. 473 and 479.

27 Morgenthau Diary (Germany), vol. II, p. 1173.

28 JCS 1067/6, Directive to the Commander in Chief U.S. Forces of Occupation Regarding the Military Government of Germany, 26 Apr 45, in CCS 383.21 (2-22-44), sec. 7.

29 (1) Department of State, Foreign Relations, 1945, vol. III, pp. 483-503. (2) Harry S. Truman, Memoirs, vol. I (New York: Doubleday and Company, Inc., 1955), pp. 101 and 105.

30 Department of State, Foreign Relations, 1945, vol. III, p. 509f.

31 Although JCS 1067/8 was the final version, the directive continued to be referred to as JCS 1067. The version made public in October 1945 and subsequently cited in most works on the subject was JCS 1067/6 of 28 April 1945, which did not contain the amendment concerning the aluminum, magnesium, and synthetics plants. See James K. Pollock and James H. Meisel, Germany Under Occupation (Ann Arbor: G. Wahr Publishing Co., 1947), pp. 100-15, and Halo Holborn, American Military Government (Washington : Infantry Journal Press, 1947), pp. 157-72.

32 R. A. Winnacker, Draft MS, History of the Office of the Secretary of War, ch. 6, War Crimes, pp. 25, 33, in CMH files.

33 Department of State, Foreign Relations, 1944, vol. 1, pp. 1370-76.

34 Ibid., pp. 1389-91.

35 Ibid., p. 1406f. The Soviet Union was not a member of the United Nations War Crimes Commission, having refused to join because it was not allowed seats for each of its sixteen republics.

36 Department of State, Malta and Yalta, in "Foreign Relations," p. 401.

37 (1) Stimson and Bundy, On Active Service, p. 587. (2) Winnacker, Draft MS, Hist of OSW, p. 35.

41 Department of State, Malta and Yalta, in "Foreign Relations," pp. 400 and 849.

42 Department of State, Foreign Relations, 1945, vol. III, pp. 1155-57.

43 Winnacker, Draft MS, Hist of OSW, p. 45.

44 Department of State, Foreign Relations, 1945, vol. III, pp. 1158-61.

45 Winnacker, Draft MS, Hist of OSW, p. 47.

46 Truman, Memoirs, vol. 1, p. 284.

49 Winnacker, Draft MS, Hist of OSW, p.

52 Seventh Army, Judge Advocate Sec, War Crimes Br, sub: History of War Crimes Br. From Creation to 31 May 45, 21 May 45, in Seventh Army 107-25.

51 (1) Ibid. (2) EUCOM, Dep JA for War Crimes, Report of the Dep JA for War Crimes, June 1944-July 1948, 29 Jul 48, ETOUSA files, p. 21.

52 General Board Study No. 86, p. 8.

53 Ltr, SHAEF AG to Distribution, sub : Arrest and Detention in Germany, in SHAEF G-5, 000.5-2.

54 Ibid., p. 6.

55 (1) USFET, JAG, History, Branch office of the Judge Advocate General, 18 Jul 42-1 Nov 45, in Admin Hist Collection, ETOUSA, Nr. 559A, vol. I, p. 249. (2) Seventh Army, Judge Advocate Sec Rpts, 1 Dec 44-31 May 45, in Seventh Army 107-25.

56 General Board, Study No. 86, p. 6.

57 EUCOM, Dep JA for War Crimes Report, p. 20.

58 Memo, SHAEF AG for CG, 12th AGp, sub: Establishment of Special Detention Centers, 27 May 45, in SHAEF G-2, 383.6-4.

59 Ltr, SHAEF, G-1, to AG, 7 May 45, in SHAEF G-1, 000.5-2.

61 Memo, Maj Gen R. W. Crawford for Gens Bull, Barker, Holmes, Wickersham, McSherry, sub: Organization of the ETO for the Occupation of Germany, 16 Nov 44, in SHAEF SGS 322.3.

62 Ltr, McCloy to Eisenhower, 24 Oct 44, and Ltr, Eisenhower to McCloy, 1 Nov 44, in USFET SGS 334/2.

63 Lucius D. Clay, Decision in Germany (New York: Doubleday and Company, Inc., 1950), p. 3.

64 Cable, Hilldring to Smith, 5 Dec 44, and Cable, Smith to Hilldring, 7 Dec 44, in USFET SGS 334/2. Hilldring had visited London in October and returned to Washington convinced that the job as acting deputy had "developed beyond Wickersham's capabilities." He had described the U.S. Group Control Council as "drifting aimlessly" and attributed "95 percent of the trouble to vacillating leadership." Eisenhower and Smith did not agree, possibly because whatever drifting the Control Council group was doing was not aimless as far as SHAEF was concerned. In Smith's view, the main purpose of the group for the time being was to "assemble a corps of experts on the civil side." He wanted to hold open the jobs in the executive staff for "outstanding commanders and staff officers here, who are now conducting the war." (1) Cable, Hilldring to Smith, 2 Nov 44, in USFET SGS 334/2. (2) Ltr, Smith to Hilldring, 3 Mar 45, in CAD 014, 7-10-42, sec. II.

65 Ltr, Clay to Hilldring, 7 May 45, in OMGUS 177-1/3.

66 General Board, Study No. 32, pp. 52-54.

67 OMGUS, Control Office, Historical Branch, History of Military Government in Germany, 8 May 45-30 Jun 46, in OMGUS 21-215, ch. VIII, p. 25f.

68 Hqs, US Gp CC, Planning Directive No. 21, 31 Mar 45, in OMGUS 12-1/5, V60-11/1.

69 US Gp CC, Staff Meeting of Division Directors, 2 Apr 45, in OMGUS 12-1/5, V60-12/1.

70 Memo, Hqs, ETOUSA, CofS, for Distribution, sub: Relationship of Dep. Mil. Gov. and U.S. Gp. CC to 'Theater Staff, 29 Apr 45, in USFET SGS 322/3.

71 History of the CAD, bk. VI, ch. XII, p. 66.

72 Ltr, Smith to Hilldring, 3 March 45, in CAD 014, 7-10-42, sec. 11.

73 Ltr, Hilldring to Smith, 24 Feb 45, in SHAEF SGS 334.

74 (1) Clay, Decision in Germany, pp. 4-7. (2 ) Summary Sheet, Director, CAD, to OPD, sub: Personnel for U.S. Gp. CC, 28 Mar 45, in OPD 336 (sec. 11-A).

75 Clay, Decision in Germany, p. 8.

76 OMGUS, History of Military Government in Germany, ch. VIII, p. 25. General Wickersham became Assistant Deputy Military Governor until 26 May when he asked to be relieved from duty for reasons of family health.

77 Memo, Hqs, ETOUSA, CofS, for Distribution, sub: Relationship of Dep. Mil. Gov. and U.S. Gp. CC to Theater Staff, 29 Apr 45, in USFET SGS 322/3.

78 (1) Department of State, Foreign Relations, 1945, vol. III, p. 934. (2) Ltr, Clay to Hilldring, 7 May 45, in OMGUS 177-1/3.