Endnotes for Chapter XX
1 A policy and planning staff, the Information Control Service (ICS), also under McClure, was organized as a special section of the U.S. Group Control Council. After a brief stay in Frankfurt, it moved to Berlin in August 1945 to take part in quadripartite information control planning which in the first year had little influence on operations in the zones.
2 Hist Rpt, ICD, 8 May 45-30 Jun 46, in OMGUS 242-1/5, pp. 12-17.
3 Memo, Hqs, USFET, ICD sub: Priority for ICD Activities, 7 Aug 45, in USFET SGS 091.412.
4 USFET to CG's, Eastern and Western Military Districts, sub: Administration of Military Government in the U.S. Zone in Germany, 30 Jul 45, in CCS 383.21 (2-22-44) , sec. 9.
5 Hist Rpt, ICD, 8 May 45-30 Jun 46, in OMGUS 242-1 /5, pp. 6-8. (2) OMGUS, ICD, ICD Joins Military Government, 22 Dec 45, in OMGUS 242-1/5.
6 Hqs, USFET, ICD, Directive No. 4 for Information Control Services, 9 Aug 45, in USFET SGS 091.412.
7 Hist Rpt, OMG, Bavaria, 1945, Jun 46, in OMGUS 436-2/3, vol. II, pp. 201-03.
8 Hist Rpt, ICD, 8 May 45-30 Jun 46, pp. 21-24.
9 ICD authorized licensing second papers in cities over 100,000 population in April 1946, but only one such paper, the Frankfurter Neue Presse, received a license before 30 June 1946.
10 Hist Rpt, OMG, Bavaria, 1945, Jun 46, in OMGUS 436-2/3, vol. II, p. 196.
11 Hist Rpt, OMG, Bavaria, 1945, Jun 46, in OMGUS 436-2/3, vol. II, p. 198.
12 History of Military Government in Land Wuerttemberg-Baden, vol. I, p. 1316.
13 (1) Hist Rpt, ICD, 8 May 45-30 Jun 46, in OMGUS 242-1 /5, pp. 6 and 25. (2) Hist Rpt, OMG, Bavaria, 1945, June 46, in OMGUS 436-2/3, vol. II, pp. 199 and 202.
14 Arrangements had been made to have the licensed newspaper publishers take over DANA at the end of 1945, but difficulties over the Trading with the Enemy Act, which would have prohibited contracts with the U.S. press services, delayed the licensing until October 1946. (1) Hist Rpt, OMG, Greater Hesse, Oct 45, in OMGUS 42-3/5. (2) Hist Rpt, ICD, 8 May 45-30 Jun 46, in OMGUS 242-1/5, pp. 28-30.
15 US Gp CC, ICS, Special Report, 16 July 45, in USFET SGS 091. 412.
16 (1) Hist Rpt, OMG, Bavaria, 1945, Jun 46, in OMGUS 436-2/3, vol. II, pp. 212-14. (2 ) Hist Rpt, ICD, 8 May 45-30 Jun 46, in OMGUS 242-1/5, pp. 37-39.
17 Another five libraries opened in the first half of 1946 at Stuttgart, Marburg, Erlangen, Regensburg, and Heidelberg.
18 ICM, 9053, 28 Nov 45, in OMGUS 244-2/5.
19 Hist Rpt, OMG, Bavaria, 1945, June 46, in OMGUS 436-2/3, vol. 11, pp. 210-12.
20 Before the war, the annual average of titles published in German was 17,000; in the United States it was 9,000. Although the German population was half that of the United States, the total number of copies printed was also larger.
21 Hqs, USFET, Circular No. 120, 1 Sep 45, in Admin Hist Collection, ETOUSA, No. 73.
22 Berlin had no U.S. radio service until February 1946 when a Drahtfunk system went into operation in the western sectors. The Drahtfunk programs were sent over the telephone lines. Listeners connected their sets either to their phones or to a telephone wire and could receive programs without disturbance to the regular telephone service. In Bremen, a one kilowatt U.S. station went on the air in December 1945.
23 (1) Hist Rpt, ICD, 8 May 45-30 Jun 46, in OMGUS 242-1 /5, pp. 41-46, 49-58, and 75-85. (2) History of Military Government in Land Wuerttemberg-Baden, vol. I, pp. 1387-96. (3) Hist Rpt, OMG, Bavaria, 1945, Jun 46, in OMGUS 436-2/3, vol. II, pp. 230-38. (4) Hist Rpt, OMG, Greater Hesse, Oct 45, in OMGUS 42-3/5.
24 Ingeborg Drewitz, ed., Staedte 1945 (Duesseldorf: Eugen Dietrichs Verlag, 1970), p. 150.
25 Hist Rpt, ICD, 8 May 45-30 Jun 46, in OMGUS 242-1/5, pp. 49-68.
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