Endnotes for Chapter VI
1 FDR Personal Letters, II, 1179.
2 Ltr, President to Secy Harold L. Ickes, 1 Jul 41, Roosevelt Papers, FDRL.
3 Far East Judgment, Ch. VII, pp. 924-28; Langer and Gleason, Undeclared War, pp. 625-41.
4 Gerow Diary, entries of 3, 9, and 10 Jul 41; Rad, TAG to CG PCD, 3 Jul 41, AG 800.2 (7-3-41).
5 Msg, Foreign Minister Matsuoka to Ambassador Nomura, 2 Jul 41, quoted in Hull, Memoirs, II, 1013.
6 Gerow Diary, entry of 31 Jul 41. See also, Far East Judgment, Ch. VII, pp. 930-31; Samuel Eliot Morison, History of United States Naval Operations in World War II, Vol. III, The Rising Sun in the Pacific, 1931-April 1942 (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1948) (hereafter cited as Rising Sun in the Pacific), pp. 62-63; Louis Morton, The Fall of the Philippines, UNITED STATES ARMY IN WORLD WAR II (Washington: 1953 ), pp. 31ff:; Memo, G-2 for CofS, 25 Jul 41, OPD Exec 8, Book A; WD rad (jt dispatch of CofS and CNO), 25 Jul 41, WPD 4544-3.
7 Stimson Diary, entries of 5 and 8 Jul 41; information obtained from Captain Kittredge, USN, JCS Hist Sec, in written commentary for OCMH Strategy Sec.
8 Study, unsigned and undated, title: Draft Suggestions for President's Report to Congress, SW file, White House.
9 Morison, Battle of the Atlantic, pp. 78-79. The quotations are from Atlantic Fleet Operations Plans 5 and 6, dated 15 and 19 July 1941, as cited in Morison.
10 Ibid.; Stimson Diary, entry of 21 Jul 41.
11 Fuehrer Conferences, 1941, II, 3, entry of 10 Jul 41.
12 Memo, Col Bundy for Gen Marshall, 16 Aug 41, OPD Exec 4, Item 10; Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, pp. 358, 370-71; Arnold, Global Mission, pp. 249-52; Churchill, Grand Alliance, pp. 441, 449; Memo of Hopkins, 13 Sep 41, abstracted in Calendar of Hopkins Papers, Book IV, Item 10, FDRL.
13 Morison, Battle of the Atlantic, pp. 79-80; Kittredge MS, Ch. 19, pp. 594-96; Hull, Memoirs, II, 1047; Msg, Prime Minister Churchill to Gen Jan Christian Smuts, 14 Sep 41, Churchill, Grand Alliance, p. 517; Pers Ltrs, Adm Stark to CinC's Asiatic and Pacific Fleets, 22 and 23 Sep 41, Pearl Harbor Attack, Pt. 16, pp. 2209, 2212.
14 Morison, Battle of the Atlantic, pp. 94-95; Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, pp. 382-83. The first Army air attack out of Newfoundland apparently occurred on 27 October. Stimson Diary, entry of 28 Oct 41.
15 Msg, Prime Minister Churchill to Gen Smuts, 9 Nov 41, Churchill, Grand Alliance, pp. 593-94.
16 Morison, Battle of the Atlantic, pp. 81-82.
17 Msg, U.S. Military Attaché, London, to G-2, 7 Jul 41, copy in WPD 4113-109.
18 See Ch. V, above. On Weygand's role, see Hull, Memoirs, II, 962-64; and Ltr, Adm Leahy to President, 28 Jul 41, Leahy, I Was There, p. 461.
19 Langer, Our Vichy Gamble, p. 177n.
20 Notes on Conf between Adm Raeder and Hitler,,25 Jul 41, and Annex I to these Notes, Fuehrer Conferences, 1941, II, 13-18.
21 Halder Journal, VII, 36, entry of 11 Aug 41
22 "Extract from an OKW Memorandum on the strategic situation as of late summer, 1941, approved by the Fuehrer," Halder Journal, VII, 94-99, entry of 13 Sep 41.
23 Memo, G-2 for WPD, 11 Jul 41, Pearl Harbor Attack, Pt. 14, pp. 1336-37.
24 Memos of W. Averell Harriman's Convs with Gen Wavell, 5 Jul 41, and with Gen Gort, 11-14 Jul 41, SW file, W. A. Harriman.
25 Kittredge MS, Ch. 18, p. 515, and Ch. 19, pp. 556-58.
26 Stimson Diary, entry of 12 Aug 41.
27 Quoted in Langer, Our Vichy Gamble, p. 187.
28 Gerow Diary, entry of 31 Aug 41.
29 Memo, G-2 for WPD, 18 Sep 41, WPD 4494.
30 WD Strategic Estimate, Oct 41, WPD 4494-21.
31 See Ch. V, above.
32 WPD Draft Memo, n.d., [written between 9 and 18 Aug 41], WPD 4422-11.
33 Memo G-1 for CofS, 8 Jul 41, OCS 21176-10; D/F, WPD to G-1, 16 Sep 41, WPD 4160-20.
34 "The Navy (and the Army) make much of having sufficient ships ready at all times for the carrying of an expedition to the Azores or the Cape Verdes or Brazil. It is my thought that no human being can tell when or if such an expedition will ever be ordered." Memo, President for Adm Emory S. Land, 1 Aug 41, FDR Personal Letters, II, 1193.
35 Memo, Under Secy Welles for President, 11 Jul 41; Ltr, President to Dr. Salazar, Prime Minister of Portugal, 14 Jul 41; Ltr, Welles to President Roosevelt, 31 Jul 41. All in Roosevelt Papers, FDRL. Ltr, W. Averell Harriman to Col William J. Donovan, 6 Aug 41, SW file, W. A. Harriman; Langer and Gleason, Undeclared War, pp. 587-89, 669ff; Churchill, Grand Alliance, p. 438.
36 Dept of State Memo of Conv between Roosevelt, Churchill, Hopkins, Welles,
and Sir Alexander Cadogan (British Foreign Office), 11 Aug 41, Pearl Harbor
Attack, Pt. 14, pp. 1275-78;, Msg, Prime Minister to Foreign Office, 11 Aug
41, Churchill, Grand Alliance, p. 438.
The President's unqualified commitment to send troops to the Azores whenever
the British chose to move against the Canaries must have sorely tempted Prime
Minister Churchill, who was undisguisedly anxious to have the United States
enter the war. This seems to have been a carefully calculated commitment on Mr.
Roosevelt's part.
37 Memo, Col Bundy for CofS, 20 Aug 41; Memo, Comdr Forrest P. Sherman, USN, for CNO, 18 Aug 41, recording staff convs of 11-12 Aug 41. Both in OPD Exec 4, Item 10.
38 Memo, WPD for GHQ, 11 Aug 41, WPD 4422-3; Reports of 12 and 18 Aug and 9 and 17 Sep 41, GHQ 337 Staff Confs Binder 1; Entries of 18 Aug and 11 and 17 Sep 41, GHQ 314.81 Diary; Memo GHQ for WPD, 22 Sep 41, WPD 4422-3.
39 Reports of 18 Sep and 7, 10, and 14 Oct 41, GHQ 337 Staff Confs Binder 1; Memo, WPD for CofS, 4 Oct 41; Memo, WPD for GHQ, 16 Oct 41. Last two in WPD 4422-3, Annex, Sec. X, Nov 41, to WD Strategic Estimate, Oct 41, WPD 4510 Theater Studies.
40 Report of Conf in OCS, 20 Sep 41, WPD 4594; Memo, WPD for CofS, 22 Sep 41, WPD 4422-17; Stimson Diary, entry of 29 Sep 41.
41 Annex, Secs. IX and XI, Nov 41, to WD Strategic Estimate, Oct 41, WPD 4510 Theater Studies; Churchill, Grand Alliance, p. 552.
42 Memo, WPD for SW, 18 Sep 41, WPD 4494;. Memo, WPD for CofS, 14 Oct 41, WPD 4511-12. Also references cited in footnote 41, above.
43 Stimson Diary, entries of 29 Sep and 3, 6, 9, and 10 Oct 41.
44 Langer, Our Vichy Gamble, pp. 181-82; Hull, Memoirs, II, 1041-42.
45 Hull, Memoirs, II, 1043-45; Leahy, I Was There, p. 470; Langer and Gleason, Undeclared War, pp. 781-87.
46 The Joint Board, Army, separate Army Air, and Navy estimates were presented to the President en bloc on 25 September 1941, though some portions had been transmitted to him before then. On the Victory Program, see Watson, Prewar Plans and Preparations, Ch. XI; Matloff and Snell, Strategic Planning, 1941-42, pp. 58-62; and Leighton and Coakley, Global Logistics and Strategy, 1940-43, Ch. V.
47 Study, 11 Sep 41, title: JB Estimate of U.S. Over-all Production Requirements, Sec. II, par. 5, in Kittredge MS, Ch. 19, App. C. The Stark memo of November 1940 had used an almost identical phrase.
48 WPD 4494-21.
49 These points have been summarized from the following documents: JB Estimate, 11 Sep 41, and WD Strategic Estimate, Oct 41, cited in preceding two footnotes; JB 325, ser 728, 18 Oct 41; Memo, WPD for SW, 20 Oct 41, OCS 21090-51; and Annex, Sec III, Nov 41, to WD Strategic Estimate, Oct 41, WPD 4510 Theater Studies.
50 JB Estimate, 11 Sep 41, cited in footnote 47, above.
51 The 30 June 1941 figure is from Annual Report of the Secretary of War, 1941; the 7 December 1941 figure, from table compiled by Returns Sec Misc Div AGO, copy in GHQ Secret Papers Binder 1. Neither figure includes Army nurses, who numbered about 6,800 on 7 December 1941.
52 Greenfield, Palmer, and Wiley, The Organization of Ground Combat Troops, pp. 43-46, 51.
53 WD Strategic Estimate, Oct 41, Sec. VI, WPD 4494-21.
54 Memo, G-3 for SGS, 9 Sep 41, OCS 18251-63; Report of Brig Gen Harry J. Malony, 18 Oct 41, GHQ 337 Staff Confs Binder 1; Notes, 5 Nov 41, title: Conference on Demobilization of the National Guard and Increase in Strength of Army, OPD Exec 4, Item 6.
55 Annex, Sec. II, Nov 41, to WD Strategic Estimate, Oct 41, WPD 4510 Theater Studies.
56 Notes on Conf in OCS, 20 Sep 41; Memo, CofS for Col Robert W. Crawford, WPD, 22 Sep 41; Memo, CofS for President, 22 Sep 41, and revised version, 21 Oct 41. All in WPD 4594. Stimson Diary, entry of 22 Sep 41. The original of the 22 September memorandum, bearing the President's annotations, is in Roosevelt Papers, FDRL, and a copy in this form is in Pearl Harbor Attack, Pt. 15, pp. 1636-38. Of the various copies in Army files, only that in OCS 21176-18 is dated.
57 Notes on Conf, 5 Nov 41, OPD Exec 4, Item 6.
58 Memo, CofS GHQ for G-3, 6 Dec 41, GHQ 320.2 Strength of the Army Binder 2.
59 On the planned reduction in garrison strength, see: Memo, WPD for CofS, 28 May 41, WPD 4175-18; and Ltr, CofS to CNO, 27 Jun 41, WPD 4175-22. The originally projected RAINBOW 5 strengths are given in charts inclosed in Memo, WPD for CofS, 15 May 41, WPD 3493-11; the November 1941 current and authorized peace and war strengths, in Tab A to Memo, G-3 for CofS, 19 Nov 41, AG 381 (11-19-41) .
60 WD Strategic Estimate, Oct 41, WPD 4494-21.
61 Memo, Col Donald Wilson, Chief Jt Requirements Sec WPD, for Col Thomas T. Handy, WPD, 7 Oct 41, WPD 4494-21.
62 WPD Tabulation, title: Minimum Requirements, Nov 41, OPD Exec 4, Item 7.
63 Annex, Sec. IV, Nov 14, to WD Strategic Estimate, Oct 41, WPD 4510 Theater Studies.
64 FDR Public Papers and Addresses, 1941, pp. 365-69; Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, p. 369.
65 Ltr, SW to President, 23 Sep 41, SW file, 1848a.
66 Stimson Diary, entry of 25 Sep 41.
67 FDR Personal Letters, II, 1216.
68 Msg, Prime Minister to Gen Smuts, 9 Nov 41, Churchill, Grand Alliance, pp. 593-94.
69 Stimson Diary, entry of 15 Oct 41.
70 Statements based on results of polls published in Hadley Cantril, ed., and Mildred Strunk, comp., Public Opinion, 1935-1946 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1951).
71 FDR Public Papers and Addresses, 1941, pp. 444-45.
72 Stimson Diary, entry of 5 Nov 41; Ltr, Adm Stark to Adm Thomas C. Hart, 7 Nov 41, Pearl Harbor Attack, Pt. 16, p. 2456.
73 Pers Ltr, Adm Stark to Adm Husband E. Kimmel, 23 Sep 41, Pearl Harbor Attack, Pt: 16, p. 2212; Memo, Adm Stark for Secy State Hull, 8 Oct 41, quoted in Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, p. 380.
74 Jt Memo CofS and CNO for President, 5 Nov 41, Pearl Harbor Attack, Pt. 16, pp. 2222-23.
75 Stimson Diary, entry of 7 Nov 41.
76 Cantril and Strunk, Public Opinion, 1935-46, p. 977.
77 Memo, Adm Stark for Secy Hull, 8 Oct 41, Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, p. 380.
78 Ltr, Co-ordinator of Information to President, 13 Nov 41, Pearl Harbor Attack, Pt. 20, p. 4471; Halder Journal, VII, 170-71, entry of 19 Nov 41.
79 Far East judgment, pp. 923-57; Morison, Rising Sun in the Pacific, pp. 64-79; Robert E. Ward, "The Inside Story of the Pearl Harbor Plan," in United States Naval Institute Proceedings, LXXII (December 1951), pp. 1271-83.
80 Ltrs; SW to President, 22 Sep and 21 Oct 41, Pearl Harbor Attack, Pt. 20, pp. 4430-31, 4442-44. Originals in Roosevelt Papers, FDRL. For the details of this reinforcement, see Morton, Fall of the Philippines, Ch. III.
81 WPD study, 8 Oct 41, sub: Strategic Concept of the Philippine Islands, WPD 4175-18, Sec. 2. Tenses as in the original. A copy of the study went to General Douglas MacArthur by Memo, 13 Oct 41, describing it as "an indication of present War Department thought on this subject."
82 WD Strategic Estimate, Oct 41, Sec. II, WPD 4494-21.
83 Stimson Diary, entry of 16 Oct 41; Rad, CNO to Fleet Commanders, 16 Oct 41, Pearl Harbor Attack, Pt. 14, p. 1327; Memo, WPD for CofS, 18 Oct 41, Pearl Harbor Attack, Pt. 14, p. 1389.
84 Far East Judgment, pp. 962-63.
85 Memo, Harold Balfour (British Under Secy State for Air) for Harry Hopkins, 10 Nov 41, recording Balfour's conversation with the President the preceding day, Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, pp. 420-21.
86 Watson, Prewar Plans and Preparations, Ch. XV. Among the best of the more detailed narratives are: Langer and Gleason, Undeclared War, Chs. XXVI-XXVIII; Walter Millis, This Is Pearl! The United States and Japan-1941 (New York: William Morrow and Company, 1947); and Feis, Road to Pearl Harbor.
87 Jt Memo, CofS and CNO for President, 27 Nov 41, OPD Exec 8, Book A.
88 Preliminary draft of G-2 Memo, sub: Brief Periodic Estimate of Situation, December 1, 1941-March 31, 1942, received in General Headquarters for comment on 28 November 1941, GHQ 381, Sec. 2; revised estimate, transmitted by Memo, G-2 for CofS, 5 Dec 41, Pearl Harbor Attack, Pt. 14, pp. 1373-84.
89 Cantril and Strunk, Public Opinion, 1935-4G, pp. 1097, 1173, 1187.
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