Endnotes for Chapter XII

1 Memo, Maj William T. Sexton, OCS, for Gen Marshall, 8 Dec 41, OCS Conf Binder 29, relaying telephone message from Department of State.

2 Memo, CofS for Under Secy State, 10 Dec 41, WPD 4224-204:

3 Par. 11, ABC-4/CS1, 31 Dec 41.

4 Various papers, and notations thereon, dated 10 and 11 Dec 41, WPD 4224-204; Stimson Diary, entry of 11 Dec 41.

5 Various memos and notations, dated 13 and 14 Dec 41, WPD 4224-204.

6 Memo, Commandant, Marine Corps, for CO 17th Provisional Marine Co, 15 Dec 41, WPD 4224-204. On authorship of these instructions, see Pers Ltr, Maj Gen Thomas Holcomb, Commandant, Marine Corps, to Gen Marshall, 15 Dec 41, and notations thereon, WPD 4224-204.

7 Pets Ltr, Gen Marshall to Under Secy Welles, 16 Dec 41, WPD 4224-204; Memo, WPD for Gen Miles, G-2, 17 Dec 41, WPD 4380-8; see also papers in GHQ 045.3 NEB.

8 Memo, CofS for ACofS WPD (Attn: Col Ridgway), 17 Dec 41; Memo, Col Ridgway for Gen Marshall, 17 Dec 41. Both in WPD 4224-204. Stimson Diary, entry of 17 Dec 41; entries of 17, 20, and 22 Dec 41, GHQ 337 Staff Confs Binder 2; Marine Corps Memo for Record, 29 Dec 41, WPD 4224-204; Notes on SLC mtg, 3 Jan 42, SLC Min, Vol. II, Item 42.

9 On FAA radio stations, see Memo, Col Bissell for Gen Gerow, WPD, 7 Dec 41, WPD 4224202; and various papers, dated Feb 42, WPD 578-136. On AAF control officers, see Craven and Cate, AAF 1, pp. 329-30; and Hist of South Atlantic Div, ATC, Ch. III, p. 121. On flight arrangements, see Ltr, SW to Secy State, 29 Nov 41, OCS 21238-16; Note for Record, Col Ridgway, WPD, 28 Dec 41, WPD 4113-77; and Dept of State Memo for Record, 8 Jan 42, OPD Misc 10.

10 Various papers, dated 8 Dec 41-2 Jan 42, WPD 578-127; Memo, Gen Arnold, DCofS, for Under Secy State, 19 Dec 41, and other papers, WPD 4224-207.

11 Recommendations for immediate action in Memos, WPD for CofS, 12 and 18 Dec 41, WPD 4622-37; and Memo, CofS GHQ for CG FF, 15 Dec 41, GHQ 381, Sec. 2.

12 Craven and Cate, AAF I, P. 332.

13 Stimson Diary, entry of 17 Dec 41; WPD study, 21 Dec 41, sub: Immediate Mil Measures, OPD Exec 4, Book 2.

14 Remarks of Gen Marshall at SLC mtg, 3 Jan 42, SLC Min, Vol. II, Item 42.

15 Brief Jt Estimate, 20 Dec 41, WPD 4402-136.

16 Msg, Prime Minister to War Cabinet and COS Committee, 23 Dec 41, Churchill, The Grand Alliance, pp. 664-65.

17 Stimson Diary, entry of 11 Dec 41; Notes on SLC mtg, 20 Dec 41, SLC Min, Vol. II, Item 40.

18 Remarks of Mr. Welles at SLC mtg, 20 Dec 41, as recorded in Memo, WPD for CofS, 21 Dec 41, WPD 4224-208. The Department of State transcript of Mr. Welles's remarks reads: "I think the opening wedge has now been placed and I think that can be enlarged fairly rapidly." SLC Min, Vol. II, Item 40.

19 Memo, WPD for CofS, 21 Dec 41, WPD 4224-208.

20 Ibid.

21 Notations on Memo, WPD for CofS, 21 Dec 41; Memo, Col Ridgway for CofS, 24 Dec 41. Both in WPD 4224-208. Stimson Diary, entry of 22 Dec 41; Note for Record, Col Handy, WPD, 23 Dec 41, WPD 4516-41; Memo for Record, Gen Gerow, WPD, 23 Dec 41, WPD 4622-43; Memos, Col Ridgway for CofS, 23 and 24 Dec 41, OPD Exec 8, Book 4; Memo, Miss Grace Tully for President, 23 Dec 41, Roosevelt Papers, FDRL.

22 Gen Marshall's Notes on White House mtg, 23 Dec 41, WPD 4402-136; Arnold, Global Mission, p. 286.

23 Arnold, Global Mission, p. 288.

24 Notes on White House mtg, 4 Jan 42, OPD Exec 8, Book 2.

25 Memo, WPD for GHQ, 17 Dec 41, WPD 4516-38; Report of G-3 GHQ, 18 Dec 41, GHQ 337 Staff Confs Binder 2.

26 Until October 1941 General Grunert had been Commanding General, Philippine Department. In April 1942, after the shelving of the Brazil plan, he became Commanding General, Sixth Corps Area, with headquarters at Chicago, Illinois.

27 Reports of DCofS GHQ, 22, 24, 29, and 30 Dec 41, GHQ 337 Staff Confs Binder 2; Entries of 23 and 24 Dec 41, GHQ 314.81 Diary; Memo, SGS for GHQ, 23 Dec 41, OCS 1637444; GHQ Memo for Record, GHQ G-1 file No. 123; Memo, DCofS GHQ for Gen Grunert, CG VI Army Corps, 24 Dec 41, sub: Directive, GHQ 045.3 NEB.

28 Reports, 14 Jan 42-12 Feb 42, GHQ 337 Staff Confs Binder 2; Memo, Maj Mathewson for Gen Eisenhower, WPD, 18 Feb 42, WPD 4224-230.

29 Memo, Col McCunniff for WPD, 21 Oct 41; Memo, WPD for Ln Off Dept of State, 29 Oct 41; Telg, Gen Miller to G-2, 3 Nov 41; Memo, WPD for Ln Off Dept of State, 6 Nov 41. All in WPD 4516-28. Langer and Gleason, Undeclared War, pp. 602-03.

30 Memo, WPD for G-2, 24 Nov 41, WPD 4115-63.

31 Agreement entitled, Organization and Regulating Directives of the Joint Military Board for the Northeast, signed at Rio de Janeiro, 17 Dec 41, copy in WPD 4516-37.
On the same day that the agreement was signed, General Miller was transferred from his position as Chief of the Military Mission to that of military attaché. Memo, G-1 for CofS, 20 Feb 42, OCS 16770-537.

32 WPD Note for Record, 24 Dec 41, WPD 4516-28; Entry of 24 Dec 41, GHQ 314.81 Diary; Ltr, TAG to CG FF, 25 Dec 41, and 1st Ind, GHQ to TAG, 8 Jan 42; Directive for Senior U.S. Army Member, Jt Mil Bd for Northeast Brazil, 1 Jan 42. Last two in AG 380 (5-18-40), Sec. 2.

33 Ltr, Col Candee (through Gen Miller) to CG GHQ, 23 Jan 42, GHQ 381 NEB.

34 Memo, Col Candee for CG GHQ, 27 Jan 42, GHQ 686 NEB.

35 Memo, Col Candee for CG GHQ, 11 Feb 42, WPD 4516-28; Telg, MA Rio to G-2 (embodying msg, Col Candee to GHQ), 11 Feb 42, WPD 4516-42; Report of G-3 GHQ, 16 Feb 42, GHQ 337 Staff Confs Binder 2.

36 Memo, Col Clay for WPD, 24 Feb 42', GHQ 381 NEB.

37 Report, MA Rio to Amer Ambassador, Rio, 30 Jan 42, WPD 4424-204.

38 Notes on SLC mtg, 3 Jan 42, SLC Min, Vol. II, Item 42.

39 Ltr, President Roosevelt to President Vargas, 7 Jan 42, Roosevelt Papers, FDRL.

40 Mr. Welles's report of his Brazil trip, verbatim in Dept of State minutes of SLC mtg, 10 Feb 42, SLC Min, Vol. II, Item 46.

41 Memo, Gen Miller for G-2, 30 Jan 42, WPD 4224-204; Telg, Gen Marshall to Gen Miller, 2 Feb 42, -WPD 4224-223; Mr. Welles's Report at SLC mtg, 10 Feb 42, SLC Min, Vol. II, Item 46.

42 Notes on SLC meg, 10 Feb 42, SLC Min, Vol. II, Item 46; Memo, SGS for Gen Embick, 15 Feb 42, OCS 6526-89. This was to be an addition to General Embick's duties as senior Army member of the Canadian and Mexican joint commissions. See Chs. XIII and XIV, below.

43 Memo for Record, Gen Marshall, 19 Jan 42; Memo, Gen Marshall for Secy State, 19 Jan 42. Both in WPD 4224-217. Memo, CofS for President Roosevelt, 20 Jan 42, WPD 4244-45.

44 Memo, Col Barber, WPD, for CofS, 5 Feb 42, WPD 4224-217; Memo, Gen Burns, Exec Munitions Assignments Board, for Brig Gen Henry S. Aurand, Def Aid Dir, 10 Feb 42, OCS 21210-32.

45 Min No. 2, WD Munitions Assignments Committee (Ground), 12 Feb 42, OCS 21210-32; Memo, WPD for CofS, 18 Feb 42, WPD 4224-217.

46 Memo, WPD for CofS, 18 Feb 42, WPD 4224-217; Memo, WPD for CofS, 21 Feb 42; Memo, ASW McCloy for Under Secy State, 23 Feb 42. Last two in WPD 4244-47. Memo, WPD for Def Aid Dir, 1 Mar 42, WPD 4224-217; Hq USAF South Atlantic, MS, History of United States Army Forces South Atlantic (hereafter cited as Hist of USAFSA), App. IV (copy of 3 Mar 42 Lend-Lease Agreement); Hist of South Atlantic Div, ATC, Ch. III, pp. 132-33; ASF Int Div, MS, Lend-Lease, II, 1255ff:

47 Min, War Council mtg, 16 Feb 42, SW Conf Binder 2, OCS Records; Memo, WPD for CofS, 18 Feb 42, WPD 4224-217.

48 Ltr, SW to President Roosevelt, 19 Feb 42, SW file, White House.

49 Ltr, ASW for Air to Under Secy State, 19 Feb 42, OPD 380 Brazil; Hist of South Atlantic Div, ATC, Ch. III, pp. 129-30.

50 Telg, MA Rio to G-2, 9 Mar 42, Hist of USAFSA, App. V; Ltr, WPD to Actg Secy State, 20 Mar 42, and other papers, OPD 381 Brazil.

51 The measures authorized included the construction program previously recommended by the Army members of the joint Military Board. Colonel Candee's recall from Brazil had been countermanded at the end of February, and he remained there to present this request jointly with General Olds. Colonel Candee returned to Washington with General Olds, and the War Department thereafter considered that the work and existence of the joint Military Board had ended. WPD Memo for Record, WPD 4224-233; Memo, OPD for Cols Robert L. Walsh and Barber, 1 Apr 42, OPD 336.6 Braz-U.S.

52 Hist of South Atlantic Div, ATC, Ch. III, pp. 135ff; Telg, Gen Olds, Rio, to Gen Arnold, CG AAF, 19 Mar 42, and other papers, OPD 452.1 Brazil; OPD Diary, entries of 3 and 13 Apr 42; Memo, OPD for Adm Turner, 15 Apr 42, OPD Exec 8, Book 4.

53 Ltr, WPD to Actg Secy State, 20 Mar 42, OPD 381 Brazil.

54 Memo, WPD for CofS, 20 Mar 42, SLC Min, Vol. II, Item 48.

55 Memo, OPD for Cols Walsh and Barber, 1 Apr 42, OPD 336.6 Braz-U.S.

56 Hist of USAFSA, pp. 34-36.

57 Ibid., App. X.

58 Memo, OPD for Col Walsh, 9 Jun 42, Hist of USAFSA, App. XII.

59 Statement of Adm Spears at SLC mtg, 22 Jun 42, SLC Min, Vol. III.

60 Ltr, TAG to OPD, 4 Jul 42; Memo, Gen Ord for Col R. H. Hobbs, 4 Nov 43. Both in OPD 334.8 it Braz-U.S. Def Com. Memo, OPD for CofS, 18 Aug 42, OPD 336 Brazil.

61 Memo, OPD for G-2, 1 Dec 42, OPD 334.8 it Braz-U.S. Mil Comm.

62 Memo, ACofAS A-2 for Gen Strong, ACofS G-2, 2 May 42, Hist of USAFSA, App. VI.

63 Memo, Gen Miller for CofS, 4 May 42, and other papers, OPD 381 Brazil; Min, Gen Council mtg, 12 May 42; Memo, OPD for CofS, 16 May 42; Memo, OPD for TAG, 27 May 42. Last two in OPD 381 Brazil.
OPD's initial proposal designated the new position and organization as the "Commanding General and Staff South Atlantic Wing, Air Forces Ferrying Command." In late May it was called the "South American Wing." When activated, it was designated the "24th Ferrying Wing." The Ferrying Command itself became the Air Transport Command on 1 July 1942. On 16 July it was officially designated the "South Atlantic Ferrying Wing, Air Transport Command." Subsequently, it was designated "South Atlantic Division." To avoid confusion, it is referred to in this text as the South Atlantic Wing, its customary designation at the time.

64 Memo, CG Ferrying Command for Col Walsh, 19 Jun 42; Memo, OPD for Col Walsh, 9 Jun 42. Both in Hist of USAFSA, Apps. IX and XII. Hist of So Atlantic Div, ATC, Ch. IV.

65 Hist of South Atlantic Div, ATC, Ch. IV, pp. 82-84.

66 Memo, CofS for Under Secy State, 10 May 42, WDCSA 42-43 Brazil; Ltrs, Under Secy State to CofS, 13, 14, and 16 May 42, AG 381 (5-13-42) ; Hist of South Atlantic Div, ATC, Ch. V, pp. 116-18; Hist of USAFSA, pp. 287-97.

67 Memo, OPD for DCofS, 9 Aug 42, WDCSA 42-43 Brazil.

68 Memo, OPD for SOS, 16 Sep 42; Memo, OPD for AAF, 23 Sep 42. Both in OPD 580.82 Brazil.

69 Hist of USAFSA, pp. 285-87.

70 Memo, Commander Task Force 23 for CNO, 15 May 42, sub: Report of Operations in the South Atlantic Area Covering the Period February 5, 1942 to May 15, 1942, OPD 381 Brazil; Ind to Memo, OPD for CofS, 27 Aug 42, OPD 336 Brazil; Memo, Lt Col Kenner F. Hertford for Gen Eisenhower, OPD 28 Apr 42, OPD 334.8 (3-6-42); Morison, Battle of the Atlantic, Ch. XV. United States Navy Department, Bureau of Yards and Docks, Building the Navy's Bares in World War II (Washington: 1947), II, 43-47, contains a brief description of the development of naval facilities in Brazil.

71 Memo, CG AAF for CofS, 10 Apr 42, and notations thereon, OPD 045.3 (3-2-42); Memo, Brig Gen St. Clair Streett for Gen Eisenhower, OPD, 24 Apr 42, OPD 580.82 Brazil.

72 Memo, Secy JCS for CofS and CINCUS, 28 Apr 42, OPD 580.82 Brazil.

73 Morison, Battle of the Atlantic, p. 381; Hist of South Atlantic Div, ATC, Ch. IV, p. 90; Min, War Council mtg, 24 Aug 42, SW Conf Binder 2, OCS Records; Military Intelligence Service study, title: Summary of the Situation in Brazil Since Declaration of War, 11 Nov 42, OPD 336 Brazil.

74 Hist of USAFSA, pp. 61-63; Morison, Battle of the Atlantic, p. 383; Min, War Council mtg, 11 Nov 42, SW Conf Binder 2, OCS Records.

75 Memo, CG South Atlantic Wing for CG ATC, 24 Aug 42, Hist of USAFSA, App. XIV; Notes of Gen Walsh, Jan 44, quoted in Hist of South Atlantic Div, ATC, Ch. V, p. 206.

76 Various papers, dated November-December 1942, OPD 320.2 Brazil and OPD 320.2 Atlantic Theater of Operations; Hist of South Atlantic Div, ATC, Ch. V, pp. 205-08; Hist of USAFSA, pp. 52-54.
For accounts of the United States Army's garrisoning and use of Ascension Island during World War II, see Hist of USAFSA, Ch. V, and Hist of South Atlantic Div, ATC, Chs. IV and V.

77 Hist of South Atlantic Div, ATC, Ch. VI, pp. 2ff.

78 Notes on SLC mtg, 8 Feb 43, SLC Min, Vol. IV; Ltr, Adm King to Gen Marshall, 8 Apr 43; Ltr, Gen Marshall to Adm King, 21 Apr 43. Last two in OPD 336 Brazil. Jt Directive, Adm King and Actg CofS McNarney to Comdr South Atlantic Force and CG South Atlantic, 4 Jun 43, OPD 384 (4-3-42).

79 Recommendation No. 10, 28 Oct 42, OPD 334.8 Jt Braz-U.S. Def Comm.

80 Memo, OPD for G-2, 1 Dec 42, and atchd Ltr of Instructions to U.S. Army members, OPD 334.8 Jt Braz-U.S. Mil Comm; Memos, Gen Secy of Jt Braz-U.S. Def Comm for Senior Army Member, Jt Braz-U.S. Mil Comm, 26 Feb 43 and 4 Apr 44, OPD 334.8 Jt Braz-U.S. Def Comm; OPD Memo for Record, 7 Apr 44; Memo, OPD for DCofS, 8 Feb 45. Last two in OPD 334.8 Jt Braz-U.S. Mil Comm. Hist of USAFSA, pp. 82-83.

81 Memo, Gen Ord for OPD, 12 Feb 43; Memo, OPD for CofS, 16 Mar 43. Both in OPD 320.2 Brazil.

82 Min, War Council mtg, 16 Dec 42, SW Conf Binder 2, OCS Records.

83 No detailed record of this conversation has been found, but it was publicly announced that this topic had been discussed by the two Presidents.

84 Memo, Gen Ord for CofS (through OPD), 12 Aug 43, WDCSA 42-43 Brazil. There is a good and fairly detailed account of the training, movement, and combat operations of the Brazilian Expeditionary Force in the History of USAFSA, Chapter VII. The liaison and training task in Italy was performed by officers and enlisted men of the United States Army Forces South Atlantic.

85 Memos, Gen Ord for CofS, 7 Jun 43; Memo, Gen Ord for G-2, 16 Jun 43. Both in OPD 336 Brazil.

86 Memo, OPD for DCofS, 16 Aug 43, WDCSA 42-43 Brazil.

87 Tod and Croft, Lend-Lease section of Statistics, Table LL-7. ASF Int Div, MS, Lend-Lease, 11, 1255-76, describes Army lend-lease transactions with Brazil after March 1942 in some detail. ASF pamphlet, Lend-Lease Transfers, Brazil (1946) lists all transfers of ground equipment by item.

88 H. Doc. 568, 80th Cong., 2d Sess., Twenty-Fifth Report to Congress on Lend-Lease Operations, pp- 4-7.

89 Hist of USAFSA, Ch. IX.

90 For a tabulation of such imports during 1941-43, see Paul B. Woodward, "Brazil's Participation in World War II," App., Plate XII. (Georgetown University M.A. thesis, 1951, copy in Library of Congress microfilm collection.)

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