Endnotes for Chapter XIII
1 Manuel Avila Camacho, La Participacion de Mexico en la Defensa Continental (Secretaria de Gobernacion, Mexico, 1941). An English text of President Avila Camacho's address has been released by the Mexican Ministry of Foreign Relations under the title Mexico and the War in the Pacific (International Press Service Bureau, National and International Problems Series, No. 10, Mexico City, 1942).
2 See Josephus Daniels, Shirt Sleeve Diplomat (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina, 1947), pp. 56-60; and Howard F. Cline, The United States and Mexico (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1953), pp. 236-47.
3 From an address by the American Minister to Uruguay, delivered at Montevideo on 23 June 1940, quoted in Langer and Gleason, Challenge to Isolation, p. 614.
4 See Ch. VIII, above, and Langer and Gleason, Challenge to Isolation, pp. 616-17.
5 Memo of Conv (Dept of State), 11 Jun 40, WPD 4338. A condensed report of the same conference is in Memo, Capt Spears, USN, for CNO, 10 Jul 40, Roosevelt Papers, FDRL.
6 Memo of Conv, 19 Jul 40, sub: Co-operation Between Mexico and the U.S. in Hemisphere Def; Memo of Conv, 22 Jul 40, sub: Co-operation Between Mexico and the U.S. in Hemisphere Def. Both in WPD 4338.
7 Report of Capt Spears, USN, and Capt David Coello Ochoa, Mexican Navy, title: Result of Staff Convs . . ., 24 Jul 40, Roosevelt Papers, FDRL.
8 Jt Memo, SW and SN for Secy State, 31 Dec 40, sub: Agenda, Proposed Jt Mexico-U.S. Def Comm, WPD 4338-9; Notes on Staff Convs to Date With Mexico, prepared by Col Ridgway, 12 Feb 41, WPD 4338-12; Memo, Capt Spears, USN, for Col Ridgway, 24 Jan 41, OPD Misc 61.
9 Betty Kirk, 'Covering the Mexican Front (Norman: University of Oklahoma, 1942), p. 252.
10 Ibid.
11 Memo, WPD for CofS, 31 Jul 40, sub: Staff Convs, Mexico-U.S., WPD 4338-3. See also, Summary of Staff Conversations, n.d., but about 28 Dec 40, WPD 4115-44.
12 Notes on Staff Convs with Mexico, prepared by Col Ridgway, 12 Feb 41, WPD 4338-12.
13 Ltr, Under Secy State Welles to President Roosevelt, 8 Aug 41, Roosevelt Papers, FDRL; Memo for Record, Col Ridgway, 11 Aug 41, WPD 4338-26; Hull, Memoirs, II, 1140-43.
14 Ezequiel Padilla, The Agreements With the U.S. . ., English text of a speech before the Mexican Senate, 25 Nov 41, released by the Mexican Ministry of Foreign Relations (International Press Service Bureau, National and International Problems Series, No. 9, Mexico City, 1942). See also, Kirk, Covering the Mexican Front, pp. 184, 349-50, and Langer and Gleason, Undeclared War, pp. 608-10.
15 Hull, Memoirs, II, 1142.
16 Memo, Ind with Ltr from Mexican Ministry of Foreign Relations to U.S. Chargé d'Affaires, 20 Dec 40, JMUSDC files
17 The minutes of the 1941 meetings are among the records of the joint Mexican-United States Defense Commission.
18 Jt Memo, SW and SN for Secy State, 31 Dec 40, sub: Agenda, Proposed Jt Mexico-U.S. Def Comm, WPD 4338-9; Min of mtg, 17 Feb 41, MDG7, 1941.
19 Langer and Gleason, Undeclared War, p. 608.
20 Ibid., p. 606.
21 Memo, Gen Embick for CofS, 1 Dec 41, MDC-1/16, Book 1.
22 La Prensa (Mexico City, D.F.), December 8, 1941.
23 El Nacional (Mexico City, D.F.), December 9, 1941.
24 El Universal (Mexico City, D.F.), December 10, 1941.
25 Kirk, Covering the Mexican Front, p. 73; Facts on File, ,1941, p. 487; Telg, Amer Embassy, Mexico City, to Dept of State, 16 Dec 41, WPD 4338-37.
26 Memo for Record, Maj Mathewson, WPD, 18 Dec 41, WPD 4316-40; Memo, WPD for CofS, 30 Dec 41, OCS 21188-1G; Memo, CofS for Under Secy State, 31 Dec 41, WPD 4338-40.
27 Dept of State Press Release No. 19, 12 Jan 42, WDC 092 Mexico-U.S. Plans.
28 "Personnel Attached to the Commission," App. B, First Annual Report (27 Feb 42-1 Jul 43), JMUSDC files.
29 Executive Order 9080, 27 Feb 42, JMUSDC files.
30 App. A, First Annual Report (27 Feb 42-1 Jul 43), JMUSDC files.
31 Memo, WPD for CofAAF and CofS GHQ, 7 Jan 42, WPD 4338-43.
32 Memo for Information, n.d. [Oct 50], sub: Background for Creation of JMUSDC, MDC-1. The Department of State designated the assistant chief of the American Republics Division to be consultant to the commission. He attended a few of the meetings in 1942, but soon this practice was discontinued for the duration of the war.
33 First Annual Report . . „ App. C; Second Annual Report (1 Jul 43-30 Jun 44); Third Annual Report (1 Jul 44-30 Jun 45). All in JMUSDC files.
34 Memo, Gen Greely for Gen Marshall, 25 Mar 41, MDC-7, 1941.
35 Min of mtgs, 11-12 Mar 41, MDC-7, 1941.
36 Min of mtg, 25 Mar 41, MDC-7, 1941. The flight agreement was signed on 1 April by Under Secretary of State Welles and the Mexican Ambassador. It became effective upon the exchange of ratifications by the two governments on 25 April.
37 Min of mtgs, 15, 17, 18, 24, 26 Apr 41, MDC-7, 1941; Ltr, Secy State to SW, 22 May 41, AG 580.81 (4-7-41); AAF Reg No. 61-1, 18 Jul 41, Flying, Foreign Countries, Mexico.
38 Min of mtg, 6 Jun 41, MDC-7, 1941.
39 Min of mtg, 16 Jun 41; Memo, Col Guzman for Amer Reps,. n.d. Both in MDC-7, 1941.
40 Memo, WPD for CofS, 24 May 41, and atchd papers, WPD 4338-18; Min of mtg, 16 Jun 41, MDC-7, 1941. It should be noted that by the WPD memo of 24 May the Chief of Air Corps was made responsible for carrying out the flight agreement and rules and was to maintain "appropriate liaison" with the War Plans Division and G-2.
41 Memo, Col Ridgway for Col Guzman, 17 Jun 41; Memo, Col Guzman for Col Ridgway, n.d., atchd to Min of mtg, 16 Jun 41. All in MDC-7, 1941. Memo, WPD for CofAC, 7 Jul 41, WPD 4338-25.
42 Handwritten memo, Col Wilson for Col Ridgway, 6 Jul 41; Memo, WPD for CofAC, 21 Jun 41. Both in WPD 4338-19. Min of mtgs, 20 Aug, 11 Sep, and 3 Oct 41, MDC-7, 1941.
43 Morison, Rising Sun in the Pacific, pp. 209, 219.
44 Ltr, CG CDC to GHQ, 25 Dec 41; Ltr, CG CDC to GHQ, 5 Jan 42. Both in WPD 437210. Min, Gen Council mtg, 29 Apr 42.
45 Min of mtgs, 17 Apr, 24 Apr, 30 Apr 42, MDC-7A.
46 Morison, Battle of the Atlantic, pp. 140-41, 153.
47 Min, Gen Council mtg, 21 Jul 42; Memo, OPD for WDCMC, 3 Aug 41, sub: Use of Air Base at Cozumel Island, being a msg for transmittal to CG CDC, OPD 336 Mexico, Case 13.
48 Min of mtg, 1 Feb 43, MDC-7A; First Annual Report, App. C, JMUSDC files.
49 Ltr, CofS to Gen Brett, CG CDC, 23 Dec 42, OPD 336 Mexico, Case 17; D/F, JMUSDC to G-2, for rad to Col Frederic E. Glantzberg, 11 Jan 43, JMUSDC files; Min, Gen Council mtg, 1 Feb 43.
50 Memo, ASW Lovett for CofS, 9 May 44, with atchd paper entitled, Purpose of Airport Development Program Air and Sea Plane Bases, and accompanying map, OPD 580.82, Sec. III-A, Case 71.
51 For the radar negotiations, see below, pp. 356 ff.
52 OPD Memo for Record, no signature, 15 Feb 43, sub: U.S. Personnel for . . . Service in Mexico; Memo, Gen Henry for OPD, 14 Apr 43. Both in OPD 336 Mexico, Case 21. Min of mtg, 22 Mar 43, MDC-7A.
53 Memo, Gen Henry for OPD, 17 Apr 43, OPD 336 Mexico, Case 28.
54 Ibid.
55 Second and Third Annual Reports, JMUSDC files.
56 Memo of Convs, 19 Jul 40, WPD 4338.
57 Kirk, Covering the Mexican Front, pp. 315-16; Fortnightly Summary of Current National Situations, 15 Nov 41, ONI, in Pearl Harbor Attack, Part 15, pp. 1799-1800; see also Cline, The United States and Mexico, pp. 293-94.
58 Ltr, Ambassador Daniels to President, 3 Jun 41, Roosevelt Papers, FDRL; G-2 Report, 4 Sep 41, sub: Pan Amer Airports in Mexico, WPD 4338-29.
59 Mexican Combat Estimate, 1 Apr 40, WPD 4338 Bulky Package.
60 Ibid. The strength of the Mexican Army was estimated at 10,000 officers and 52,000 enlisted man, with a like number of reserves.
61 Ibid.
62 Memo, CofS for Under Secy State, 18 Dec 40; Memo, Mr. Wilson, Ln Off, Dept of State, for Col Ridgway, 2 Jan 41. Both in WPD 4338-8.
63 Min of mtg, 9 Oct 41, MDC-7, 1941.
64 C. W. Kempter, draft MS, "United Mexican States," a chapter from A History of Lend-Lease to the Other American States (hereafter cited as Kempter MS), pp. 2-3, JUSMDC files; ASF Int Div, Lend-Lease, II, 1232.
65 See above, pp. 224, 232-33.
66 Kempter MS, pp. 96, 110.
67 Kempter MS, pp. 4-6; Min of mtgs, June 1942, MDC-7A.
68 Min of mtg, 11 Sep 42, MDC-7A.
69 Kempter MS, pp. 20-24, 29, 36-40.
70 Ibid., pp. 42-5G.
71 Ibid., p. 82; First Annual Report, Sec. II, App. C, JMUSDC files.
72 First Annual Report, Sec. I, App. C; Second Annual Report. Both in JMUSDC files.
73 Third Annual Report, JMUSDC files; Kempter MS, p. 76.
74 8th Ind, CG AFCC to TAG, 8 Jul 41, on Ltr, CG GHQ AF to TAG, 10 Apr 41, sub: Extension of AWS-Mexico, AG 660.2 AA (4-10-41).
75 D/F, WPD to TAG, 23 Jul 41, WPD 4484. Other communications on this proposal are in the same file and in WPD 3640-7 through 3640-21, AWS.
76 Note dated 17 Jul 41 on 8th Ind, cited in fn 74, above.
77 Min of mtg, 3 Dec 41, MDC-7, 1941.
78 Memo, G-2 for CofS, 10 Dec 41, OCS 20648-40; Rad, Adams to CG WDC, 11 Dec 41, WDC 092 Mexico (4); Tel Conv, Col Sandusky, G-2 Southern Calif. Sector, with Col Dumas, G-3 WDC, 17 Dec 41 (9:10 A.M., 12:15 P.M., 1:55 P.M.) and 18 Dec 41 (2:10 P.M.), WDC 092 Mexico (3).
79 Major Ebright's report of his reconnaissance, a 45-page document covering the period 16 December 1941-25 January 1942, is in WDC 092 Mexico (7). The Signal officer's report of the same reconnaissance is in WDC 092 Mexico (3) .
80 Tel Conv, Mai Gen Walter K. Wilson, CG Southern Calif. Sector, with Col Dumas, G-3 WDC, 3 Jan 42 (10:45 A.M.); Tel Conv, Gen Wilson with Gen Omar N. Bradley, CofS WDC, 3 Jan 42. Both in WDC 092 Mexico (3) .
81 Memo, DCofS Mai Gen William Bryden for CofAAF, 9 Dec 41, OCS 20648-39, copy in WPD 4484. The WPD copy bears the following Note for Record: "11 Dec 41. G-2 suggested and I concurred that the last sentence of Par. 1 be rescinded. I personally informed [Brig.] Gen {Martin F.] Scanlon, Air Staff of this decision . . . ." /s/ M. B. R.
82 For the view of the War Department, see Min, SLC mtg, 20 Dec 41, SLC Min, Vol. II, Item 40; Memo, Gen Arnold, DCofS for Air, for SGS, 20 Dec 41, OCS 20648-44; Memo, WPD for CofS, 20 Dec 41, sub: Mil Rcn in Mexico, WPD 4338-36; and Rad, Marshall to CG WDC, 22 May 42, No. 2306, WDC 092 Mexico (4). For Gen DeWitt's position, see Tel Conv, Gen DeWitt with Gen Bryden, DCofS WD, 18 Dec 41 (9:55 A.M.); and Tel Conv, Gen Bryden with Gen Bradley, CofS WDC, 19 Dec 41 (2:45 P.M.). Both in WDC 092 Mexico (3). On the same general subject, see also Tel Conv, Col Thomas L. Martin with Capt E. M. Boylin, IV Interceptor Comd, 28 May 42, WDC 092 Detectors (12).
83 3d Ind, Hq IV Fighter Comd to CG 4th AF, 18 Jul 42, on Ltr, SDC to CG WDC, 1 Jul 42, sub: AWS, WDC 092 Detectors (13); 3d Ind, CG IV Fighter Comd to CG 4th AF, 29 Aug 42, on Ltr, TAG for SW to CG WDC, 22 Aug 42, sub: Radar Operation in Mexico, WDC 092 Detectors (12) .
84 Tel Conv, Col Stockton, G-3 WDC, with Col Mathewson, OPD, 23 Oct 42 (2:15 P. M.), WDC 092 Mexico (3).
85 Memo, Chief Mexican Sec, JUSMDC, for U.S. Sec, JUSMDC, 12 Jul 43; 1st Ind, CG WDC to TAG, 2 Aug 43, on Ltr, TAG to CG WDC, 23 Jul 43; Ltr, .CG 4th AF to CG AAF, 6 Jul 44; Rad, McKee, Ln Off, to CG WDC, 9 Nov 44; Memo, G-4 and G-2 for CofS WDC, 28 Mar 45. All in WDC 092 Detectors (14). Min of mtg, 14 Aug 44, MDC-7A, Book 3, JMUSDC files.
86 Ltr, CG WDC to CG FF GHQ for Gen Embick, 27 Feb 42, WDC 092 Mexico (2); Min of mtg, 10 Apr 42, MDCr7A (1) .
87 Ltr, CG IV Fighter Comd to CG WDC, 1 Jun 42, WDC 092 Airfields (10).
88 Ltr, CG 4th AF to CG WDC, 8 Jun 42, sub: Additional Airfields in Lower California; 2d Ind, SW through TAG to CG WDC, 25 Jun 42; 4th Ind, SW through TAG to CG WDC, 16 Jun 42; Tel Conv, Col Mathewson, OPD, with Asst G-3 WDC, 18 Jun 42; Tel Conv, Gen DeWitt with Gen Embick, 4 Jul 42 (12:30 P.M.); Tel Conv, Gen DeWitt with Gen Henry, 24 Jul 42 (9:50 A. M.). All in WDC 092 Airfields (10). Tel Conv, Col Stockton, G-3 WDC, with Mr. Nelson, Nelson Equipment Co., Los Angeles, 25 Aug 42, WDC 092 Detectors (12) .
89 Note of Mr. Wilson on SLC mtg, 8 Feb 43, SLC Min, Vol. IV; Ltr, Gen DeWitt to Gen Rico, 26 Mar 43, WDC 092 Airfields (10); Min, Gen Council mtg, 29 Mar 43; OPD Memo for Record, 1 Jul 43, OPD 336 Mexico, Case 38; Min of mtgs, 26 Jun, 13 Aug 43, MDC-7A (Book 2).
90 Jt Plan for the Def of the Pacific Coastal Regions . . ., /s/ Lt Gen J. L. DeWitt and Rear Adm J. W. Greenslade, 22 Feb 42. The earlier versions were a DeWitt-Greenslade Plan of 20 Jan 42 and a General Cardenas Plan of Collaboration, 5 Feb 42, WDC 092 Mexico-U.S., Vol. I.
91 Ltr, Gen DeWitt to CofS, 22 Mar 42, sub: Negotiations with Mexico . . ., WDC 092 Mexico-U.S., Vol. I.
92 Gen DeWitt, in a Tel Conv with Col Martin, ACofS WDC, 18 Mar 42, WDC 092 Detectors (12).
93 See Ch. XIV, below.
94 Min of mtg, 1 Nov 44, MDC-7A, Book 2. The foregoing is based on the journals of the commission for the years 1942-45.
Return to the Table of Contents