Resources on U.S. Army Operations in Caves and Tunnels

Painting: Battle of the Caves

Battle of the Caves
Anzio, Italy
Robert Benney, 1944


The Battle of the Cavesfrom Anzio Beachhead, a volume in the American Forces in Action Series

Tactics and Tactical Decisions from Okinawa: The Last Battle, a volume in the United States Army in World War II Series

The Flamethrower in the Pacific: Guadalcanal to the Marshal Islands from The Chemical Warfare Service: Chemicals in Combat, a volume in the United States Army in World War II Series

The Flamethrower in the Pacific: Marianas to Okinawa from The Chemical Warfare Service: Chemicals in Combat, a volume in the United States Army in World War II Series

Tunnel Exploration and Destruction (Chapter 6) from Cedar Falls-Junction City: A Turning Point, a volume in the Vietnam Studies Series


Operations Reports Lessons Learned

From The Center for Army Lessons Learned

Operations Report Lessons Learned, Report 4-68, "Communications-Electronics Lessons Learned," dated 18 October 1968, 55pp. text, reproduced photos, sketches.

Operations Report Lessons Learned, Report 3-68, " Aerial Observation Lessons Learned," dated 15 July 1968, 43pp. text, reproduced photos.

Operations Report Lessons Learned, Report 6-67, "Observations of a Brigade Commander," dated 27 December 1967, 68 pp. text, diagrams, reproduced photos, sketches.

Operations Report Lessons Learned, Report 1-68, "Summary of Lessons Learned," dated 1 February 1968, 105 pp. text, sketches, diagrams, reproduced photos. Includes sections on the "Enemy Tactics and Techniques," which describes VC camouflage technique while crossing a stream; and "Mines and Bobby Traps."

Operations Report Lessons Learned, Report 4-67, "Observations of a Battalion Commander," dated 7 June 1967, 41 pp. text, reproduced photos, sketches. Includes several views of foxholes

Operations Report Lessons Learned, Report 3-67, "Engineer Notes #2," dated 6 April 1967, 46pp. text, reproduced photos, sketches. Includes info on the "Rome K/G Clearing Blade," a tractor attachment that features a blade which "stings" and "slices large trees."

Operations Report Lessons Learned, Report 2-67, "Counter-Guerrilla Tactics," dated 13 March 1967, 19 pp. text, reproduced photos, sketches. Includes brief sections on withdrawal techniques with reference to tunnels, as well as booby traps and mines.

Operations Report Lessons Learned, Report 1-67, "Observations of a Platoon Leader," dated 30 January 1967, 43 pp. text, reproduced photos, sketches. Includes a brief section on "Enemy Defenses and Devices," such as tunnels, booby traps, and mines.

Operations Report Lessons Learned, Report 9-66, "Equipment," dated 7 December 1966, 32 pp. text, reproduced photos, sketches. Includes info about the use of the "Mity Mite portable blower" for use in tracing and flushing enemy tunnel systems. Machinery is useful in conjunction with smoke pots or smoke grenades and will force smoke throughout the tunnel system, revealing any entrances and vents.

Operations Report Lessons Learned, Report 8-66, "Engineer Notes #1," dated 13 October 1966, 26pp, text, sketches, charts, reproduced photos. Includes a section on "Tunnels," with specific emphasis on their value, the importance of denying their use to enemy by pumping smoke into the tunnels, placing sacks of CS several feet insides the tunnel, digging holes around exists and placing explosives in each hole, connecting the charges and all sacks of CS with detonating cord, detonating all charges simultaneously. Other methods of denying tunnels to the enemy included using block explosives, shaped charges, Bangalore torpedoes and an acetylene generator.

Operations Report Lessons Learned, Report 7-66, "Operations COCOA BEACH and HAPPY VALLEY," dated 11 August 1966, 24 pp text, diagrams, sketches. Deals with the concept of pursuit operations in RVN. The second operation dealt with lessons useful in clearing and securing operations in a TAOR.

Operations Report Lessons Learned, Report 6-66, "Lessons Learned in Viet-Nam--1966," dated 1 July 1966, 17pp. Briefly mentions "Use of Tunnel Teams."

Operations Report Lessons Learned, Report 3-66, "The PLEIKU Campaign," dated 10 May 1966, 226pp text, sketches, maps, diagrams.

Operations Report Lessons Learned, Report 2-66, "The Battle of Annihilation and the BONG SON Campaign," dated 1 April 1966, 5 pp. A brief description of the "battle of annihilation," as it pertains to operations in the RVN and illustrates the validity of the doctrine of "find, fix, fight, and finish."

Operations Report Lessons Learned, Report 1-66, "Operation CRIMP," dated 22 March 1966, app. 17pp. text, diagrams. A brief account of the operation with description of mission to search tunnel systems.


page created 12 December 2001


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