Department of the Army Historical Summary Fiscal Year, 1975

Department of the Army
Historical Summary

Fiscal Year 1975

Compiled by
Karl E. Cocke

Edited by
Rae T. Panella

CENTER OF MILITARY HISTORY
UNITED STATES ARMY
WASHINGTON, D. C., 2000

Preface

The Department of the Army Historical Summary for Fiscal year 1975 is the latest in a series of periodic reports of the Army's expenditures, work, and accomplishments that began with Secretary of War John C. Calhoun's report to President James Monroe in 1822. This year's report is the fifth to be published separately by the Army following cancellation of the Annual Report of the Secretary of Defense--a document which had incorporated the annual reports of all the service secretaries from 1948 through 1968.

The Army Historical Summary is based upon narrative contributions prepared by Army staff agencies having primary responsibility for the subject matter covered. The objective of the report is to present a clear, succinct account of major events and developments within the Army and to serve as a primary source of reasonably comprehensive and quickly retrievable information for both official and public use.

The compiler gratefully acknowledges the cooperation of the action officers on the Army staff who assisted in preparing the report and expresses his appreciation to the members of the Histories Division, U.S. Army Center of Military History, for their suggests and wise counsel. His special thanks go to Mrs. Rae T. Panella for her work in editing the summary.

Washington, D.C.

KARL E. COCKE

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Contents

Chapter		Page
I.	INTRODUCTION	3
II.	OPERATIONAL FORCES	5
	Europe and the Middle East	6
	The Pacific and the Far East	8
	The Western Hemisphere	8
	Readiness	10
	Command and Control	11
	Exercises	12
	Civil Affairs, PSYOP, and Special Forces	12
	Chemical, Biological and Nuclear Matters	14
	Military Support to Civilian Authorities	16
	Security Assistance	18
	Support to Vietnamese Refugees	19
	International Humanitarian Law	21
III.	FORCE DEVELOPMENT	23
	Force Structure	23
	Manpower	23
	Concepts and Doctrine	24
	Systems	26
	Army Study Program	29
	Training and Schooling	29
IV.	INTELLIGENCE AND COMMUNICATIONS	31
	Intelligence	31
	Communications	35
V.	PERSONNEL	37
	Enlisted Personnel	37
	Officer Personnel	40
	Personnel Management	43
	Pay, Leave, and Travel	44
	Race Relations and Equal Opportunity	45
	Alcohol and Drug Abuse	47
	Leadership and Motivation	48
	Casualty Statistics	50
	Crime, Discipline, and Military Justice	50
	Civilian Personnel	53

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Chapter		Page
VI.	RESERVE FORCES	57
	Force Structure	57
	Personnel	59
	Management	61
	Equipment and Maintenance	62
	Construction and Facilities	63
	Readiness and Training	63
	State and Federal Service	64
VII.	ORGANIZATION, MANAGEMENT, AND BUDGET	66
	Organization	66
	Management Programs, Systems, and Techniques	67
	Budget and Funds	70
	Financial Management	70
VIII.	LOGISTICS	73
	Logistics Management	73
	Logistics Systems Development	75
	Materiel Maintenance	76
	Supply and Depot Operations and Management	78
	Transportation	80
	Facilities and Construction	82
	Physical Security	85
	Support of Operations in Europe	86
	Support of Operations in the Pacific	87
	International Logistics	88
IX.	SUPPORT SERVICES	90
	Health and Medical Affairs	90
	Religion	92
	Housing and Homeowners Assistance	93
	Food Services	94
	Commissaries and Subsistence Supplies	96
	Laundry and Dry Cleaning	97
	Clothing and Personal Equipment	98
	Heraldic Activities	98
	Morale and Recreation	99
	Education	101
	Army Safety Program	103
	Memorial Affairs	104

X.	RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND ACQUISITION	106
	Budget and Management	106
	Science and Technology	108
	Development	112
	International Research and Development	119
	Materiel Acquisition	120
XI.	SPECIAL FUNCTIONS	124
	Civil Works	124
	Army Energy Program	127
	Environmental Protection and Preservation	129
	Emergency Operations	131
	Civil Litigation	132
	Promotion of Rifle Practice	137
XII.	SUMMARY	139
	APPENDIX A. ORGANIZATION OF THE DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY	(inside back cover)

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	Last updated 21 September 2004