Cover, Department of the Army Historical Summary, 1990 & 1991


Department of the Army
Historical Summary

Fiscal Years 1990 and 1991

by

William Joe Webb
Charles Anderson
Dave Hogan
Dale Andrade
Thomas Popa
Mary Gillett
Rebecca Raines
Glen Hawkins
James Yarrison

Edited by

W. Scott Janes

CENTER OF MILITARY HISTORY
UNITED STATES ARMY
WASHINGTON, D.C., 1997


.The Library of Congress has cataloged
this serial publication as follows:


Library of Congress Catalog Card 75-647561


ISSN 0092-7880


CMH Pub 101-22


Preface

Since 1969, the U.S. Army Center of Military History has produced the Department of the Army Historical Summary (DAHSUM) as an annual publication. The Center has combined fiscal years 1990 and 1991 into a single volume, however, for greater continuity and coherence in the coverage of the events surrounding Operation DESERT SHIELD/ DESERT STORM, which overlapped those two years. An overview of the successes and problems of major Army programs, the DAHSUM seeks to provide a record similar to, but more concise than, that published in the annual reports of the Secretary of War from 1822 to World War II and in the Army 's portion of the Semiannual Report of the Secretary of Defense from 1949 through 1968.

iii


 

Contents

Chapter

..

Page

1.

INTRODUCTION

3
2.

OPERATIONAL FORCES

15

...

Western Hemisphere

16

Europe

19

The War in the Persian Gulf

22

The Pacific and Far East

25

3.

PERSONNEL

31

..

Overview

31

Active Component Drawdown

33

Recruitment

35

Civilian Personnel

37

Women in the Army

41

Ethnic Groups

42

Operation DESERT SHIELD/DESERT STORM

42

Discipline Indicators

43

Conclusion

44

4.

SUPPORT SERVICES

45

..

Housing

45

Morale, Welfare, and Recreation

47

Family Support

50

Health Care

52

The Army Safety Program

53

Pay and Travel

54

Clothing and Individual Equipment

57

Food and Commissary Services

59

Memorial Affairs

61

Conclusion

62

5.

TRAINING

63

..

Individual Training

64

Unit Training

66

Reserve Components Training

69

Training Aids, Devices, Simulators, and Simulations

71

Operation DESERT SHIELD/DESERT STORM Training

73

v



Chapter

..

Page

6.

MODERNIZING AND EQUIPPING THE ARMY

79

..

Modernization: Into the Post-Cold War Era

79

Armored Systems

82

Aviation

83

Air and Missile Defense

84

Fire Support

85

Combat Support/Combat Service Support

87

Reserve Components Modernization

88

The Army's Role in the Strategic Defense Initiative

89

The Army in Space

89

7.

MOBILIZING, DEPLOYING, AND SUSTAINING THE ARMY

91
..

Mobilization

92

Deployment

96

Sustainment

98

8.

STRUCTURING THE FORCE

103

..

The Army and the Total Force Policy

103

Force Structure Reductions

105

Armies and Corps

105

Divisions and Separate Brigades

106

Special Operations Forces

112

Base Realignments and Closures

114

9.

ORGANIZATION, MANAGEMENT, AND BUDGET

119

..

Organization

119

Management: General

120

Management: Acquisition

122

Management: Resources

123

Management: Information Systems

125

Budget

128

10.

SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

133

..

Civil Works

133

War Against Illegal Drugs

134

Environmental Protection and Preservation

139

Army Litigation

143

Army Energy Program

146

Disaster Relief

147

Other Forms of Support to U.S. Agencies and Foreign Governments

150
11.

CONCLUSION

155

vi



..

GLOSSARY

161

..

APPENDIX

A. Organization of the Department of the Army

 
 

 
No.

Tables

Page
1.

FY 90 and 91 Active Component Divisions

107

2.

FY 90 Active Component (AC) Divisions With Reserve Component (RC) Roundout Brigades

108
3.

FY 91 Active Component (AC) Divisions With Reserve Component (RC) Roundout Brigades

109
4.

Reserve Component (National Guard) Divisions

110

5.

Separate Brigades and Armored Cavalry Regiments

111

6.

Ranger Regiments and Special Forces Groups (SFG)

113

7.

BRAC II Realignment and Closure Recommendations

115

8.

BRAC 91 Realignment and Closure Recommendations

116

9.

Army Budget Summary

129

10.

Corps of Engineers Civil Appropriations

134

vii


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